Dividend policy regulation and cost stickiness: grouped by cash flow levels
| Variables | (1) | (2) |
|---|---|---|
| High cash flow level | Low cash flow level | |
| LnSGA | LnSGA | |
| LnIncome | 0.598*** | 0.381*** |
| (41.59) | (22.84) | |
| LnIncome×D | −0.365*** | −0.009 |
| (−2.71) | (−0.09) | |
| LnIncome×D×Treat | 0.032 | −0.164*** |
| (0.32) | (−3.08) | |
| LnIncome×D×Post | −0.007 | −0.125** |
| (−0.08) | (−2.15) | |
| LnIncome×D×Treat×Post | 0.004 | 0.148** |
| (0.04) | (2.14) | |
| Treat | −0.002 | −0.060*** |
| (−0.27) | (−7.61) | |
| Post | 0.091*** | 0.061*** |
| (6.25) | (3.96) | |
| Treat×Post | −0.002 | 0.034*** |
| (−0.28) | (3.46) | |
| LnIncome×D×D_Twoyear | 0.121** | 0.160*** |
| (2.32) | (4.34) | |
| LnIncome×D×Eco_Growth | 0.514 | 0.696 |
| (0.56) | (1.21) | |
| LnIncome×D×Employ_Inten | −0.008 | −0.010 |
| (−0.50) | (−1.54) | |
| LnIncome×D×Asset_Inten | −0.024*** | −0.019*** |
| (−4.06) | (−5.40) | |
| D_Twoyear | −0.010 | −0.019** |
| (−1.21) | (−2.32) | |
| Employ_Inten | 0.006*** | −0.001 |
| (2.97) | (−0.71) | |
| Asset_Inten | 0.001 | −0.003** |
| (0.82) | (−2.50) | |
| ROA | 0.061 | −0.108** |
| (1.51) | (−2.46) | |
| Lev | 0.000 | −0.019 |
| (0.01) | (−1.53) | |
| MKI | 0.003*** | 0.004*** |
| (3.35) | (3.40) | |
| Firsthold | 0.030*** | 0.071*** |
| (2.75) | (4.97) | |
| Ind | −0.006 | −0.062* |
| (−0.19) | (−1.71) | |
| Dual | 0.006 | −0.006 |
| (1.42) | (−1.21) | |
| Mshare | 0.079*** | 0.164*** |
| (5.12) | (10.64) | |
| Constant | −0.113*** | −0.005 |
| (−4.28) | (−0.18) | |
| Industry | Yes | Yes |
| Year | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 14,620 | 14,620 |
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.420 | 0.272 |
| Variables | (1) | (2) |
|---|---|---|
| High cash flow level | Low cash flow level | |
| 0.598*** | 0.381*** | |
| (41.59) | (22.84) | |
| −0.365*** | −0.009 | |
| (−2.71) | (−0.09) | |
| 0.032 | −0.164*** | |
| (0.32) | (−3.08) | |
| −0.007 | −0.125** | |
| (−0.08) | (−2.15) | |
| 0.004 | 0.148** | |
| (0.04) | (2.14) | |
| −0.002 | −0.060*** | |
| (−0.27) | (−7.61) | |
| 0.091*** | 0.061*** | |
| (6.25) | (3.96) | |
| −0.002 | 0.034*** | |
| (−0.28) | (3.46) | |
| 0.121** | 0.160*** | |
| (2.32) | (4.34) | |
| 0.514 | 0.696 | |
| (0.56) | (1.21) | |
| −0.008 | −0.010 | |
| (−0.50) | (−1.54) | |
| −0.024*** | −0.019*** | |
| (−4.06) | (−5.40) | |
| −0.010 | −0.019** | |
| (−1.21) | (−2.32) | |
| 0.006*** | −0.001 | |
| (2.97) | (−0.71) | |
| 0.001 | −0.003** | |
| (0.82) | (−2.50) | |
| 0.061 | −0.108** | |
| (1.51) | (−2.46) | |
| 0.000 | −0.019 | |
| (0.01) | (−1.53) | |
| 0.003*** | 0.004*** | |
| (3.35) | (3.40) | |
| 0.030*** | 0.071*** | |
| (2.75) | (4.97) | |
| −0.006 | −0.062* | |
| (−0.19) | (−1.71) | |
| 0.006 | −0.006 | |
| (1.42) | (−1.21) | |
| 0.079*** | 0.164*** | |
| (5.12) | (10.64) | |
| −0.113*** | −0.005 | |
| (−4.28) | (−0.18) | |
| Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | |
| 14,620 | 14,620 | |
| 0.420 | 0.272 |
Note(s): ***, ** and * denote statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10% levels, respectively; robust t-statistics are in parentheses; standard errors clustered at the firm level
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