Table I. Kiyú stakeholders' description.... | Emerald Publishing

Table I.

Kiyú stakeholders' description. Interests, vulnerability perception, willingness to implement EbA measures and VRA results

Groups of stakeholders	Organisation	Interests	VRA
Groups of stakeholders	Organisation	Interests	Identified threats and vulnerabilities	Pre-intervention willingness to incorporate EbA measures
1. Kiyú neighbours	Neighbours' Association	Local development; Tourism; Beach; Environment	Erosion	Positive; because of low cost; curiosity about the effectiveness
2. Non-clustered neighbours	Without organisation	Beach quality and conservation	Erosion	Negative; distrust about the effectiveness of measures
3. Non-clustered traders	Without organisation	Beach quality and conservation	Erosion	Negative; disbelief and preference for hard engineering defences
4. Municipality	Local government	Socio-economic development; impacts on infrastructure; natural beach re-certification	Infrastructure	Very positive; because of the low cost and applicability to other sites in the coastal zone
5. Climate change cabinet (DOCC)	Sub-national government	Climate agenda in land-use and ICM	Infrastructure	Very positive; because of the adaptive management approach and low cost
VRA	Main threats and impacts	Quantitative	Main perceived barriers and supportive factors to adaptation
Date	Main threats and impacts	1: low; 5: very high Vulnerability/ capacity
1. Baseline (2011)	Extreme events; erosion	4.2/1.5	Lack of local adaptive capacity
2. Before EbA implementation (2013)	Wind storms; floodings; beach and bluff erosion	2.5/2.1	Lack of adaptive capacity and information regarding impacts and feasible adaptation measures / confidence in local commitment and local authorities
3. After EbA implementation (2014)	Wind storms; Rain storms; SLR, increased extremes	1.8/3.3	Increased perception of threats after the damaging rainstorm in early 2014. Increased confidence in adaptive capacity

Groups of stakeholders	Organisation	Interests	VRA
Groups of stakeholders	Organisation	Interests	Identified threats and vulnerabilities	Pre-intervention willingness to incorporate EbA measures
1. Kiyú neighbours	Neighbours' Association	Local development; Tourism; Beach; Environment	Erosion	Positive; because of low cost; curiosity about the effectiveness
2. Non-clustered neighbours	Without organisation	Beach quality and conservation	Erosion	Negative; distrust about the effectiveness of measures
3. Non-clustered traders	Without organisation	Beach quality and conservation	Erosion	Negative; disbelief and preference for hard engineering defences
4. Municipality	Local government	Socio-economic development; impacts on infrastructure; natural beach re-certification	Infrastructure	Very positive; because of the low cost and applicability to other sites in the coastal zone
5. Climate change cabinet (DOCC)	Sub-national government	Climate agenda in land-use and ICM	Infrastructure	Very positive; because of the adaptive management approach and low cost
VRA	Main threats and impacts	Quantitative	Main perceived barriers and supportive factors to adaptation
Date	Main threats and impacts	1: low; 5: very high Vulnerability/capacity
1. Baseline (2011)	Extreme events; erosion	4.2/1.5	Lack of local adaptive capacity
2. Before EbA implementation (2013)	Wind storms; floodings; beach and bluff erosion	2.5/2.1	Lack of adaptive capacity and information regarding impacts and feasible adaptation measures / confidence in local commitment and local authorities
3. After EbA implementation (2014)	Wind storms; Rain storms; SLR, increased extremes	1.8/3.3	Increased perception of threats after the damaging rainstorm in early 2014.Increased confidence in adaptive capacity