The classification of vehicle automation by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
| Level | Judgment standard |
|---|---|
| No-automation (Level 0) | The driver completely controls the vehicle all the time |
| Function-specific automation (Level 1) | Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic stability control or automatic braking |
| Combined function automation (Level 2) | At least two controls can be automated in unison, such as adaptive cruise control in combination with lane keeping |
| Limited self-driving automation (Level 3) | The driver can fully cede control of all safety-critical functions in certain conditions. The car senses when conditions require the driver to retake control and provides a “sufficiently comfortable transition time” for the driver to do so |
| Full self-driving automation (Level 4) | The vehicle performs all safety-critical functions for the entire trip, with the driver not expected to control the vehicle at any time. As this vehicle would control all functions from start to stop, including all parking functions, it could include unoccupied cars |
| Level | Judgment standard |
|---|---|
| No-automation (Level 0) | The driver completely controls the vehicle all the time |
| Function-specific automation (Level 1) | Individual vehicle controls are automated, such as electronic stability control or automatic braking |
| Combined function automation (Level 2) | At least two controls can be automated in unison, such as adaptive cruise control in combination with lane keeping |
| Limited self-driving automation (Level 3) | The driver can fully cede control of all safety-critical functions in certain conditions. The car senses when conditions require the driver to retake control and provides a “sufficiently comfortable transition time” for the driver to do so |
| Full self-driving automation (Level 4) | The vehicle performs all safety-critical functions for the entire trip, with the driver not expected to control the vehicle at any time. As this vehicle would control all functions from start to stop, including all parking functions, it could include unoccupied cars |
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