Wheat yield (Mg ha−1) under alternative production systems
| Wheat production system | Average wheat yield (Mg ha−1) | Yield difference | t-test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-2014: normal year (A) | 2014-2015: bad year (B) | 2015-2016: normal year (C) | A-B | C-B | A-B | C-B | ||
| CAW | 5.46 (0.052) | 4.89 (0.056) | 5.13 (0.031) | 0.57a | 0.24e | 7.55*** | 4.71*** | |
| CTW | 5.05 (0.58) | 4.23 (0.066) | 4.82 (0.028) | 0.82b | 0.59f | 9.38*** | 5.17*** | |
| Yield difference between CAW and CTW (Mg ha−1) | 0.41c | 0.66d | 0.31g | – | – | – | – | |
| t-test | 5.19*** | 7.59*** | 7.34*** | – | – | – | – | |
| Wheat production system | Average wheat yield (Mg ha−1) | Yield difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-2014: | 2014-2015: | 2015-2016: | A-B | C-B | A-B | C-B | ||
| CAW | 5.46 (0.052) | 4.89 (0.056) | 5.13 (0.031) | 0.57 | 0.24 | 7.55 | 4.71 | |
| CTW | 5.05 (0.58) | 4.23 (0.066) | 4.82 (0.028) | 0.82 | 0.59 | 9.38 | 5.17 | |
| Yield difference between CAW and | 0.41 | 0.66 | 0.31 | – | – | – | – | |
| 5.19 | 7.59 | 7.34 | – | – | – | – | ||
Notes:
Refers to significant at 99 per cent confidence level; observations are combined observations; standard errors are reported in parentheses. CAW and CTW refer to conservation agriculture-based wheat and conventional tillage-based wheat, respectively;
Yield loss due to climatic risk (untimely rain at the ready to harvest stage of wheat crop) in CAW between year 2013-2014 and year 2014-2015;
Yield loss due to climatic risk (untimely rain at the ready to harvest stage of wheat crop) in CTW between year 2013-2014 and year 2014-2015;
Yield gap between CAW and CTW in a normal year, i.e., in year 2013-2014;
Yield gap between CAW and CTW in bad year (here, year with untimely rain at the ready to harvest stage of wheat crop), i.e., year 2014-2015 – address climatic variability;
eYield gain because of the adoption of CAW in year 2015-2016 (normal year) compared to year 2014-2015 (Bad year);
fYield difference between the good year 2015-2016 and bad year 2014-2015 under CTW;
gYield gap between CAW and CTW in normal year, i.e., in the year 2015-2016
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