Table I.

Low-carbon competitiveness index

Total target layerTarget layerIntermediate layerIndex layerForward or reverse
Low-carbon competitivenessEconomic system (A1)Economic and industrial benefits (B1)The percentage of tertiary industry in GDP (C1)Forward
Growth rate of tertiary industry (C2)Forward
Per capita GDP (C3)Forward
Energy consumption (B2)Coal consumption of RMB10,000 industrial output (C4)Reverse
Fuel oil consumption of RMB10,000 industrial output (C5)Reverse
Electricity consumption of RMB10,000 GDP (C6)Reverse
Investment of environment and technology (B3)The proportion of science and technology expenditure in fiscal expenditure (C7)Forward
The proportion of energy saving and environmental protection expenditure in fiscal expenditure (C8)Forward
Social system(A2)Low-carbon life (B4)Total annual passenger traffic volume of public steam (electric) vehicle (C9)Forward
The number of buses which per 10,000 people own (C10)Forward
Gas penetration rate in city (C11)Forward
Pollution control efforts (B5)Processing capability of wastewater treatment facilities (C12)Forward
Comprehensive usage rate of general industrial solid waste (C13)Forward
Treatment rate of life garbage (C14)Forward
The total investment in environmental pollution control (C15)Forward
Environmental system (A3)Low-carbon environment (B6)Park green area of urban per capita (C16)Forward
The proportion of wetlands in precinct (C17)Forward
Urban garden green space area (C18)Forward
Increasing carbon sequestration basis (B7)Percentage of forest cover (C19)Forward
Afforestation area (C20)Forward
Policy system (A4)Institutional settings (B8)Number of national and provincial environmental protection agencies (C21)Forward
Number of environmental protection agencies at all levels (C22)Forward
Enforcement (B9)Number of projects to implement environmental impact assessment (C23)Forward
Number of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and National People’s Congress recommendations (C24)Forward
Number of letters and visits have been completed(C25)Forward

Notes:

Economic and industrial benefits, energy consumption, pollution control efforts and institutional settings in middle layer use complementary criterion. Low-carbon life, low-carbon environment, increasing carbon sequestration basis and enforcement in middle layer use non-complementary criterion. Economic system, social system, environmental system and policy system in target layer use complementary criterion

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