Table 2

Parameters investigated in this study

GroupConstant parametersVariable parametersRemarks
1L/d = 15, dense soil, S/d = 3, P = 0Group size: 1 × 2, 2 × 2 and 3 × 3Influence of group size
22 × 2 pile group, L/d = 15, dense soil, P = 0S/d = 3, 4, 5Influence of pile spacing
32 × 2 pile group, dense soil, S/d = 3, P = 0L/d = 10, 15, 20Influence of pile length
42 × 2 pile group, L/d = 15, S/d = 3, P = 0Dense and loose sandsInfluence of soil stiffness
52 × 2 pile group, L/d = 15, S/d = 3, P = 0e = t, 0, −tInfluence of embedment
62 × 2 pile group, L/d = 15, S/d = 3, dense soilP = ∑pi = 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 MNInfluence of pile vertical load
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