Table 1 Definitions of theory-guided...

Table 1

Definitions of theory-guided dimensions of eudaimonic well-being

Autonomy
High scorer: Is self-determining and independent; able to resist social pressures to think and act in certain ways; regulates social pressures to think and act in certain ways; regulates behavior from within; evaluates self by personal standards.
Sample item: “I have confidence in my own opinions, even if they are different from the way most other people think.”
Low scorer: Is concerned about the expectations and evaluations of others; relies on judgments of others to make important decisions; conforms to social pressures to think and act in certain ways.
Sample item: “I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.”
Environmental mastery
High scorer: Has a sense of mastery and competence in managing the environment; controls complex array of external activities; makes effective use of surrounding opportunities; able to choose or create contexts suitable to personal needs and values.
Sample item: “I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.”
Low scorer: Has difficulty managing everyday affairs; feels unable to change or improve surrounding context; is unaware of surrounding opportunities; lacks sense of control over external world.
Sample item: “The demands of everyday life often get me down.”
Personal growth
High scorer: Has a feeling of continued development; sees self as growing and expanding; is open to new experiences; has sense of realizing his or her potential; sees improvement in self and behavior over time; is changing in ways that reflect more self-knowledge and effectiveness.
Sample item: “For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth.”
Low scorer: Has a sense of personal stagnation; lacks sense of improvement or expansion over time; feels bored and uninterested with life; feels unable to develop new attitudes or behaviors.
Sample item: “When I think about it, I haven’t really improved much over the years.”
Positive relations with others
High scorer: Has warm, satisfying, trusting relationships with others; is concerned about the welfare of other others; capable of strong empathy, affection, and intimacy; understands give and take of human relationships.
Sample item: “I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family and friends.”
Low scorer: Has few close, trusting relationships with others; finds it difficult to be warm, open, and concerned about others; is isolated and frustrated in interpersonal relationships; not willing to make compromises to sustain important ties with others.
Sample item: “I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.”
Purpose in life
High scorer: Has goals in life and a sense of directedness; feels there is meaning to present and past life; holds beliefs that give life purpose; has aims and objectives for living.
Sample item: “I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.”
Low scorer: Lacks a sense of meaning in life; has few goals or aims; lacks sense of direction; does not see purpose of past life; has no outlook or beliefs that give life meaning.
Sample item: “I don’t have a good sense of what it is I’m trying to accomplish in life.”
Self-acceptance
High scorer: Possesses a positive attitude toward the self; acknowledges and accepts multiple aspects of self, including good and bad qualities; feels positive about past life.
Sample item: “When I look at the story of my life, I’m pleased with how things have turned out.”
Low scorer: Feels dissatisfied with self; is disappointed with what has occurred in past life; is troubled about certain personal qualities; wishes to be different than what he or she is.
Sample item: “My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves.”

Autonomy
High scorer: Is self-determining and independent; able to resist social pressures to think and act in certain ways; regulates social pressures to think and act in certain ways; regulates behavior from within; evaluates self by personal standards.
Sample item: “I have confidence in my own opinions, even if they are different from the way most other people think.”
Low scorer: Is concerned about the expectations and evaluations of others; relies on judgments of others to make important decisions; conforms to social pressures to think and act in certain ways.
Sample item: “I tend to be influenced by people with strong opinions.”
Environmental mastery
High scorer: Has a sense of mastery and competence in managing the environment; controls complex array of external activities; makes effective use of surrounding opportunities; able to choose or create contexts suitable to personal needs and values.
Sample item: “I am quite good at managing the many responsibilities of my daily life.”
Low scorer: Has difficulty managing everyday affairs; feels unable to change or improve surrounding context; is unaware of surrounding opportunities; lacks sense of control over external world.
Sample item: “The demands of everyday life often get me down.”
Personal growth
High scorer: Has a feeling of continued development; sees self as growing and expanding; is open to new experiences; has sense of realizing his or her potential; sees improvement in self and behavior over time; is changing in ways that reflect more self-knowledge and effectiveness.
Sample item: “For me, life has been a continuous process of learning, changing, and growth.”
Low scorer: Has a sense of personal stagnation; lacks sense of improvement or expansion over time; feels bored and uninterested with life; feels unable to develop new attitudes or behaviors.
Sample item: “When I think about it, I haven’t really improved much over the years.”
Positive relations with others
High scorer: Has warm, satisfying, trusting relationships with others; is concerned about the welfare of other others; capable of strong empathy, affection, and intimacy; understands give and take of human relationships.
Sample item: “I enjoy personal and mutual conversations with family and friends.”
Low scorer: Has few close, trusting relationships with others; finds it difficult to be warm, open, and concerned about others; is isolated and frustrated in interpersonal relationships; not willing to make compromises to sustain important ties with others.
Sample item: “I have not experienced many warm and trusting relationships with others.”
Purpose in life
High scorer: Has goals in life and a sense of directedness; feels there is meaning to present and past life; holds beliefs that give life purpose; has aims and objectives for living.
Sample item: “I have a sense of direction and purpose in life.”
Low scorer: Lacks a sense of meaning in life; has few goals or aims; lacks sense of direction; does not see purpose of past life; has no outlook or beliefs that give life meaning.
Sample item: “I don’t have a good sense of what it is I’m trying to accomplish in life.”
Self-acceptance
High scorer: Possesses a positive attitude toward the self; acknowledges and accepts multiple aspects of self, including good and bad qualities; feels positive about past life.
Sample item: “When I look at the story of my life, I’m pleased with how things have turned out.”
Low scorer: Feels dissatisfied with self; is disappointed with what has occurred in past life; is troubled about certain personal qualities; wishes to be different than what he or she is.
Sample item: “My attitude about myself is probably not as positive as most people feel about themselves.”

Note:

Response options for all above items: 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree)

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