Table I.
Positive and negative non-contractual exchanges
Mutual goal-seeking behavior with matching contributions
Positive reciprocity
Mutual goal-seeking behaviors involving victims
Extortion
Blackmailing
Bullying
Deception/Lying
One-sided redistribution schemes affecting victims
Theft
Losses
Fraud/Embezzlement
Abuse of power/war
Victimless exchanges affecting third parties
Using the black market
Bribery
Mutual goal-seeking behavior with matching contributions
Positive reciprocity
Mutual goal-seeking behaviors involving victims
Extortion
Blackmailing
Bullying
Deception/Lying
One-sided redistribution schemes affecting victims
Theft
Losses
Fraud/Embezzlement
Abuse of power/war
Victimless exchanges affecting third parties
Using the black market
Bribery
Source
: Adapted from Houston and Gassenheimer (1987, pp. 12-14)
[ViewLarge]
Close Modal
Close Modal
This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only
Sign In
or
Create an Account
Close Modal
Close Modal