Measurement items
| Construct | Items | References |
|---|---|---|
| Market orientation (MO) | MO1: My marketing strategy is very dedicated | Idar et al. (2012),Kasim et al. (2018) and Pratono et al. (2019) |
| MO2: My customer satisfaction is important | ||
| MO3: My firm put the hardest effort to know about the market environment | ||
| MO4: We have a meeting to discuss market trends and developments | ||
| MO5: It takes us forever to decide how to respond to our competitor's price changes | ||
| MO6: Advertisement is useful for the growth of my firm | ||
| MO7: My product offerings are well accepted compared to those of competitors | ||
| Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) | EO1: My firm is often the first business to introduce new products in markets | Basco et al. (2020),Liu et al. (2002) and Pratono et al. (2019) |
| EO2: My firm typically initiates movement to which competitors then respond | ||
| EO3: My company has often made dramatic changes to products and services | ||
| EO4: My company typically responds to the actions initiated by competitors | ||
| EO5: My company engages in investment projects with moderate risk | ||
| EO6: My firm minimizes the probability of making costly decisions | ||
| EO7: Relative to our competitors, our company has a higher propensity to take risks | ||
| EO8: Our company has a higher ability to identify customer needs and wants | ||
| Learning orientation (LO) | LO1: We have the managerial competence to absorb new knowledge | Liu et al. (2002),Pratono et al. (2019) and Wang (2008) |
| LO2: We can successfully integrate our existing knowledge with new information | ||
| LO3: We can learn new knowledge is the key to our competitive advantage | ||
| LO4: The basic values of this firm include learning as key to improvement | ||
| LO5: Learning in my firm is seen as necessary to guarantee firm survival | ||
| LO6: We are not afraid to reflect shared assumptions about our customers | ||
| Digitalization (DG) | DG1: We use digital technologies to understand our customers better | Abou-foul et al. (2021) |
| DG2: We market and sell our products and services through digital channels | ||
| DG3: We use digital channels to provide customer service | ||
| DG4: Technology allows us to link customer and operational processes in new ways | ||
| DG5: We have an integrated view of key operational and customer information | ||
| DG6: We use analytics to make better operational decisions | ||
| DG7: We use digital technologies to add value to our existing products and services | ||
| DG8: We have lunched new business model based on digital technologies | ||
| Sustainable competitive advantage (CA) | CA1: Our new products respect entrepreneurial social responsibility percepts | Haseeb et al. (2019), Khorsheed et al. (2020) and Pratono et al., (2019) |
| CA2: Our new products incorporate knowledge of environmental sustainability | ||
| CA3: Net profit margin of our organization increased | ||
| CA4: Return on investment of our organization increased | ||
| CA5: Profitability growth has been outstanding | ||
| CA6: Profitability has exceeded our competitors | ||
| CA7: Overall financial performance has exceeded competitors | ||
| CA8: My firm is superior to its competitors in terms of price and quality of services | ||
| CA9: My firm can offer high value to customers | ||
| CA10: My firm reduces the cost of functioning operations |
| Construct | Items | References |
|---|---|---|
| Market orientation (MO) | MO1: My marketing strategy is very dedicated | |
| MO2: My customer satisfaction is important | ||
| MO3: My firm put the hardest effort to know about the market environment | ||
| MO4: We have a meeting to discuss market trends and developments | ||
| MO5: It takes us forever to decide how to respond to our competitor's price changes | ||
| MO6: Advertisement is useful for the growth of my firm | ||
| MO7: My product offerings are well accepted compared to those of competitors | ||
| Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) | EO1: My firm is often the first business to introduce new products in markets | |
| EO2: My firm typically initiates movement to which competitors then respond | ||
| EO3: My company has often made dramatic changes to products and services | ||
| EO4: My company typically responds to the actions initiated by competitors | ||
| EO5: My company engages in investment projects with moderate risk | ||
| EO6: My firm minimizes the probability of making costly decisions | ||
| EO7: Relative to our competitors, our company has a higher propensity to take risks | ||
| EO8: Our company has a higher ability to identify customer needs and wants | ||
| Learning orientation (LO) | LO1: We have the managerial competence to absorb new knowledge | |
| LO2: We can successfully integrate our existing knowledge with new information | ||
| LO3: We can learn new knowledge is the key to our competitive advantage | ||
| LO4: The basic values of this firm include learning as key to improvement | ||
| LO5: Learning in my firm is seen as necessary to guarantee firm survival | ||
| LO6: We are not afraid to reflect shared assumptions about our customers | ||
| Digitalization (DG) | DG1: We use digital technologies to understand our customers better | |
| DG2: We market and sell our products and services through digital channels | ||
| DG3: We use digital channels to provide customer service | ||
| DG4: Technology allows us to link customer and operational processes in new ways | ||
| DG5: We have an integrated view of key operational and customer information | ||
| DG6: We use analytics to make better operational decisions | ||
| DG7: We use digital technologies to add value to our existing products and services | ||
| DG8: We have lunched new business model based on digital technologies | ||
| Sustainable competitive advantage (CA) | CA1: Our new products respect entrepreneurial social responsibility percepts | |
| CA2: Our new products incorporate knowledge of environmental sustainability | ||
| CA3: Net profit margin of our organization increased | ||
| CA4: Return on investment of our organization increased | ||
| CA5: Profitability growth has been outstanding | ||
| CA6: Profitability has exceeded our competitors | ||
| CA7: Overall financial performance has exceeded competitors | ||
| CA8: My firm is superior to its competitors in terms of price and quality of services | ||
| CA9: My firm can offer high value to customers | ||
| CA10: My firm reduces the cost of functioning operations |
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