Table 1
Wall systems identified in the case study cities
| Wall system | Product description | Found in | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional | |||
| Hollow concrete masonry (CW1-HCM) | It consists of premanufactured hollow concrete blocks sized 400 (length, L) × 200 (height, H) × 200 mm (width, W). It is constructed on site using cement mortar between the blocks and a 10 mm base plaster as a finishing material. |  | Addis Ababa |
| Stone masonry (CW2-SM) | It consists of limestones sized 400 (L) × 200 (H) × 200 mm (W). The construction process is similar to that of CW1-HCM. |  | Nairobi |
| Brick masonry (CW3-BM) | It uses sand–lime bricks sized 222 (L) × 73 (H) × 106 mm (W). The construction process is similar to those of CW1-HCM and CW2-SM. |  | Cape Town |
| Partially industrialised | |||
| Expanded polystyrene (EPS) with rebar (PW1-EPSR) | The core element is 200 mm thick hollow EPS. The inner layer is filled with concrete and 12 mm reinforcement bars on site. A 20 mm shotcrete is applied on top of a fibreglass mesh as a finishing layer. |  | Nairobi |
| EPS with magnesium board (PW2-EPSMB) | It is primarily made of a prefabricated 200 mm EPS core. The system is reinforced with a magnesium board. A 60 mm shotcrete is applied on top of a fibreglass mesh as a finishing layer. |  | Cape Town |
| Fully industrialised | |||
| Light gauge steel (FW1-LGS) | It consists of steel profiles for structural performance and a thin steel sheet on the exterior. A 50 mm stone wool is applied as an interior layer, and the wall is finished with a gypsum plasterboard. |  | Addis Ababa |
| Precast reinforced concrete (FW2-PRC) | It comprises a 200 mm thick prefabricated concrete wall with hollow sections (150 mm diameter). It is reinforced with prestressed steel of 6 mm diameter. |  | Nairobi |
| Cross-laminated timber (FW3-CLT) | It consists of prefabricated CLT with three layers of sawn wood and has a total thickness of 95 mm. A 10 mm base plaster is applied as an exterior layer. |  | Cape Town |