Table 4

Intervention costs and measures of service

Type level 1Type level 2Unit valuesUnits
Cost of construction Depends on the interventions; see Table 5 —
Cost of expansion See Table 6 —
Cost of maintenanceaFor roads5b(CHF/m2)/year
For tunnels25b(CHF/m2)/year
For bridges35b(CHF/m2)/year
    
Travel time 50c(CHF/h)/vehicle
Injuries 320 000dCHF/person
Fatalities 6 700 000eCHF/person
Property damages 10 000fCHF/vehicle
    
Air pollution 0.018g(CHF/km)/CEV
a

The cost of maintenance refers to the cost incurred to maintain either 1 m2 of road or the infrastructure that insists on 1 m2 of road – that is, the cost of maintaining either the tunnels or the bridges insisting on 1 m2 of road

b

Source: R+R Burger und Partner AG (2008) (inflation adjusted)

c

Source: Keller (2019) 

d

Source: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS, 2020)

e

Source: Leuba and Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung ARE (2020) 

f

Authors’ assumption based on the average value of a vehicle, considering that in Switzerland the average age of vehicles is 8.4 years (BFS, 2020), and the average type of damage that an accident on the highway can involve

g

Authors’ assumption based on the fact that the cost of 1 t of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is 125 CHF (Hürzeler, 2019) and that the average carbon dioxide emissions of passenger cars in Switzerland in 2018 were 137.8 g carbon dioxide/km (Auto Schweiz, 2019)

CEV, combustion engine vehicle. 1 CHF = US$1.07

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