Table 5 Robustness test Model (5) Model...

Table 5

Robustness test

	Model (5)	Model (6)	Model (7)	Model (8)
	ROS	IL	ROS	IL
C1#Beds	−0.0137 (0.377)	0.292* (0.034)
C2#Beds	−0.0212 (0.466)	0.286 (0.389)
C3#Beds	0.305** (0.002)	0.436 (0.777)
C4#Beds	0.00487 (0.926)	−0.108 (0.859)
C5#Beds	−0.602** (0.005)	−5.209* (0.014)
L.C1			−0.00211 (0.926)	0.374* (0.027)
L.C2			0.00808 (0.336)	0.606* (0.031)
L.C3			0.0915* (0.018)	0.166 (0.597)
L.C4			−0.0205 (0.352)	2.075*** (0.000)
L.C5			−0.314* (0.016)	−3.198 (0.215)
FC	0.0103 (0.569)	−0.182 (0.105)	0.0206 (0.487)	−0.203* (0.037)
SIZE			0.0591* (0.011)	−0.870 (0.143)
HUMEXP	0.00280 (0.981)	2.631 (0.065)	−0.0962 (0.288)	−6.014*** (0.000)
AGE	−0.0195 (0.572)	−0.632 (0.479)	0.171* (0.028)	0.520 (0.099)
_cons	−0.00816 (0.789)	2.247* (0.036)	0.0566 (0.173)	4.953** (0.006)
N	441	441	378	378
adj. R²	0.195	0.310	0.155	0.223
Fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

	Model (5)	Model (6)	Model (7)	Model (8)
	ROS	IL	ROS	IL
C1#Beds	−0.0137 (0.377)	0.292* (0.034)
C2#Beds	−0.0212 (0.466)	0.286 (0.389)
C3#Beds	0.305** (0.002)	0.436 (0.777)
C4#Beds	0.00487 (0.926)	−0.108 (0.859)
C5#Beds	−0.602** (0.005)	−5.209* (0.014)
L.C1			−0.00211 (0.926)	0.374* (0.027)
L.C2			0.00808 (0.336)	0.606* (0.031)
L.C3			0.0915* (0.018)	0.166 (0.597)
L.C4			−0.0205 (0.352)	2.075*** (0.000)
L.C5			−0.314* (0.016)	−3.198 (0.215)
FC	0.0103 (0.569)	−0.182 (0.105)	0.0206 (0.487)	−0.203* (0.037)
SIZE			0.0591* (0.011)	−0.870 (0.143)
HUMEXP	0.00280 (0.981)	2.631 (0.065)	−0.0962 (0.288)	−6.014*** (0.000)
AGE	−0.0195 (0.572)	−0.632 (0.479)	0.171* (0.028)	0.520 (0.099)
_cons	−0.00816 (0.789)	2.247* (0.036)	0.0566 (0.173)	4.953** (0.006)
N	441	441	378	378
adj. R²	0.195	0.310	0.155	0.223
Fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Note(s): Clustered heteroscedasticity standard errors at the hospital level account for serial correlation in parentheses

p-values in parentheses

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001

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