Table 1.

Dimensionality of value co-creation

AuthorFindingsDimensions
Ng et al. (2010) The VCC is a multi-attribute construct with seven dimensions. This scale can help generate internal changes within the organization in terms of roles, governance and responsibilities to ensure more effective interfaces with the customer• Behavioral alignment
• Process alignment
• Congruence of expectations
• Empowerment
• Perceived control
• Behavioral transformation
• Complementary competencies
Randall et al. (2011) These authors demonstrate that connection (which measures the degree of relational connection such as the emotional bond that is formed) is part of the multidimensional construct of VCC. They also highlight that VCC is a higher-order construct and comprises trust, commitment and connection• Trust
• Commitment
• Connection
Yi and Gong (2013) The VCC is a multidimensional third-order concept consisting of two higher-order factors, each one composed of multiple dimensions• Customer participation behavior:
• Information-seeking
• Information-sharing
• Responsible behavior
• Personal interaction
• Customer citizenship behavior:
• Feedback
• Advocacy
• Helping
• Tolerance
Ranjan and Read (2016) The VCC is a third-order construct with two dimensions, each with three underlying elements. VCC is a formative construct. This scale is valid for studying VCC in the consumer–business relationship• Co-production
• Knowledge
• Equity
• Interaction
• Value-in-use
• Experience
• Personalization
• Relationship
Agrawal and Rahman (2017) The VCC is a reflective construct. The scale measures the value co-created by the consumer in different online contexts. Of the five dimensions, the interactional and experiential dimensions are shown to be the most important for any VCC process• Relational value
• Personal value
• Economic value
• Interactional value
• Experiential value
Busser and Shulga (2018) The VCC construct is multidimensional, with 5 dimensions and 25 items. VCC can be used as a reflective second-order construct as part of consumer value systems• Meaningfulness
• Collaboration
• Contribution
• Recognition
• Affective response
Source: Authors’ own work

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