Table 5.

Effects across excessive vs minimal packaging

PathsPath coefficientst-valuep-valueDecision
EPPMPPEPPMPPEPPMPP
H6a: GW → GBEQ−0.44−0.426.134.95******Supported
H6b: GC → GBEQ0.24−0.041.070.330.2840.742Not supported

Notes:

***p <0.001; EPP = Excessive product packaging; MPP = Minimal product packaging; BRC = Brand credibility; GC = Green confusion; GW = Greenwashing; EPP = Excessive product packaging; GBEQ = Green brand equity

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