Table 6. Further analyses – accounting... | Emerald Publishing

Table 6.

Further analyses – accounting for pre- and post-periods

	Early adopters		Late adopters
Variable	1	2	3	4
	Audit fees	Auditing time	Audit fees	Auditing time

IFRS-1 (audit fees)	0.021*** (3.98)		0.013 (1.28)
IFRS0	0.029*** (3.17)		0.019* (1.79)
IFRS + 1	0.018* (1.91)		0.009 (1.26)
IFRS +2	0.013 (1.42)		0.007 (1.39)
IFRS-1 (auditing time)		0.017** (1.96)		0.015 (0.96)
IFRS0		0.031*** (4.76)		0.020** (2.03)
IFRS+ 1		0.011** (2.08)		0.016 (1.49)
IFRS+2		−0.012 (1.07)		0.015 (1.23)
IFRS-1
All controls included	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	6.812** (2.23)	3.679*** (4.96)	5.01*** (3.93)	2.197* (1.73)
Adj. R²	0.154	0.168	0.143	0.135
Observation	975	975	595	595
Firms	195	195	119	119

	Early adopters		Late adopters
Variable	1	2	3	4
	Audit fees	Auditing time	Audit fees	Auditing time

IFRS-1 (audit fees)	0.021*** (3.98)		0.013 (1.28)
IFRS0	0.029*** (3.17)		0.019* (1.79)
IFRS + 1	0.018* (1.91)		0.009 (1.26)
IFRS +2	0.013 (1.42)		0.007 (1.39)
IFRS-1 (auditing time)		0.017** (1.96)		0.015 (0.96)
IFRS0		0.031*** (4.76)		0.020** (2.03)
IFRS+ 1		0.011** (2.08)		0.016 (1.49)
IFRS+2		−0.012 (1.07)		0.015 (1.23)
IFRS-1
All controls included	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Industry effect	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Constant	6.812** (2.23)	3.679*** (4.96)	5.01*** (3.93)	2.197* (1.73)
Adj. R²	0.154	0.168	0.143	0.135
Observation	975	975	595	595
Firms	195	195	119	119

Notes:

t-statistics in parentheses.

Significant levels –*** = 1%; ** = 5%; *= 10%