Table 4.

The assessment of formative constructs at second- and third-order level

Second-order formative constructsItemsItem-weightsp-valuesVIF
Cognitive engagementConsT → COGeng0.6240.0001.088
AB → COGeng0.6240.0001.088
Affective engagementDedic → AFFeng0.6430.0001.045
EN → AFFeng0.6430.0001.045
Behavioral engagementINT → BEHeng0.5720.0001.392
SC → BEHeng0.5720.0001.392
Third-order formative construct    
Consumer eSports EngagementCOGeng → CeSE0.3260.0001.362
AFFeng → CeSE0.4390.0001.383
BEHeng → CeSE0.5140.0001.248

Notes:

ConsT = conscious attention; AB = absorption; Dedic = dedication; EN = enthusiasm; INT = interaction; SC = social connection; COGen = cognitive engagement; AFFeng = affective engagement; BEHeng = behavioral engagement, COGen = cognitive engagement; AFFeng = affective engagement; BEHeng = behavioral engagement; CeSE = consumer eSports engagement; VIF = variance inflation factor

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