Measured, calculated and recommended parameter values used in the design of the district heating monitored pipeline
| Component | Parameter: unit | Value | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluid | Maximum operation temperature, T: °C | 135 | Recommended |
| Installation temperature, T0: °C | 10 | Recommended | |
| Maximum internal fluid pressure, p: bar | 25 | Recommended | |
| Steel pipe | Elastic modulus, E: MPa | 206 290 | Calculated |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, αT: 1/K | 1.24 × 10−5 | Calculated | |
| Soil | Depth above the pipe crown, h: m | 0.80 | Measured |
| Unit weight, γ: kN/m3 | 19.0 | Measured | |
| Angle of internal friction, ϕ: ° | 32.5 | Recommended | |
| Soil-casing angle of interface friction, δ: ° | 21.8 | Recommended | |
| Friction coefficient, μ | 0.4 | Recommended | |
| Pre-insulated pipe | Displacement in the corner, u: mm | 56 | Calculated |
| Friction force, FR: kN/m | 5.1 | Calculated | |
| Steel pipe | Axial compression stress: MPa | 82.8 | Calculated |
| Axial compression stress: MPa | 184 | Allowable | |
| PUR insulation | Shear stress: kPa | 10 | Calculated |
| Shear stress: kPa | 27 | Allowable | |
| Compression stress: kPa | 18 | Calculated | |
| Compression stress: kPa | 150 | Allowable |
| Fluid | Maximum operation temperature, | 135 | Recommended |
| Installation temperature, | 10 | Recommended | |
| Maximum internal fluid pressure, | 25 | Recommended | |
| Steel pipe | Elastic modulus, | 206 290 | Calculated |
| Thermal expansion coefficient, | 1.24 × 10−5 | Calculated | |
| Soil | Depth above the pipe crown, | 0.80 | Measured |
| Unit weight, | 19.0 | Measured | |
| Angle of internal friction, | 32.5 | Recommended | |
| Soil-casing angle of interface friction, | 21.8 | Recommended | |
| Friction coefficient, | 0.4 | Recommended | |
| Pre-insulated pipe | Displacement in the corner, | 56 | Calculated |
| Friction force, | 5.1 | Calculated | |
| Steel pipe | Axial compression stress: MPa | 82.8 | Calculated |
| Axial compression stress: MPa | 184 | Allowable | |
| PUR insulation | Shear stress: kPa | 10 | Calculated |
| Shear stress: kPa | 27 | Allowable | |
| Compression stress: kPa | 18 | Calculated | |
| Compression stress: kPa | 150 | Allowable |
Recommended: standard value normally adopted for design in the district heating industry based on EN 13941 (CEN, 2019) and AGFW (2021)
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