Table 3.

Soil parameter values used in the calculation

Soil parameter and unitLoose sandDense sand
Unit weight, γ: kN/m31517
Residual soil angle of friction, ϕres: °3645
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest, K00.410.29
Residual soil–pipe angle of friction, δres: °2330
Coefficient of friction, μ0.420.58
Relative density, RD: %4285

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