Structural equation model (SEM) for stress-related absenteeism
| Variables | MODEL 1 (OLS regression) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Level 2 | |||
| Outcome: Lonely (score ≥43) | Outcome: Total work days missed per month due to stress | |||
| Coeff. | p-value | Coeff. | p-value | |
| Lonely (score ≥ 43) | − | − | 0.34 | 0.000*** |
| Job and personal resource factors | ||||
| Social companionship [JR] | −0.14 | 0.000*** | −0.05 | 0.000*** |
| Good work-life Balance [JR] | −0.07 | 0.000*** | −0.02 | 0.000*** |
| Satisfied with communication [JR] | −0.04 | 0.003** | −0.01 | 0.005** |
| Supportive work environment [JR] | −0.02 | 0.262 | −0.01 | 0.266 |
| Technology enables connection [JR] | −0.02 | 0.112 | −0.01 | 0.118 |
| Resilience [PR] | −0.36 | 0.000*** | −0.12 | 0.000*** |
| Less perceived alienation [PR] | −0.19 | 0.000*** | −0.06 | 0.000*** |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Male | − | − | 0.17 | 0.000*** |
| Age | − | − | −0.01 | 0.000*** |
| White | − | − | −0.16 | 0.004** |
| South region | − | − | 0.04 | 0.398 |
| Occupational characteristics | ||||
| Hours worked per week | − | − | −0.01 | 0.002** |
| Remote work arrangement | − | − | 0.09 | 0.282 |
| Work for public company | − | − | −0.04 | 0.578 |
| Company with 1,000+ employees | − | − | 0.04 | 0.452 |
| 5 years or more tenure | − | − | −0.05 | 0.296 |
| Job satisfaction rating | − | − | −0.25 | 0.002** |
| Variables | MODEL 1 (OLS regression) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | Level 2 | |||
| Lonely | − | − | 0.34 | 0.000*** |
| Social companionship [JR] | −0.14 | 0.000*** | −0.05 | 0.000*** |
| Good work-life Balance [JR] | −0.07 | 0.000*** | −0.02 | 0.000*** |
| Satisfied with communication [JR] | −0.04 | 0.003** | −0.01 | 0.005** |
| Supportive work environment [JR] | −0.02 | 0.262 | −0.01 | 0.266 |
| Technology enables connection [JR] | −0.02 | 0.112 | −0.01 | 0.118 |
| Resilience [PR] | −0.36 | 0.000*** | −0.12 | 0.000*** |
| Less perceived alienation [PR] | −0.19 | 0.000*** | −0.06 | 0.000*** |
| Male | − | − | 0.17 | 0.000*** |
| Age | − | − | −0.01 | 0.000*** |
| White | − | − | −0.16 | 0.004** |
| South region | − | − | 0.04 | 0.398 |
| Hours worked per week | − | − | −0.01 | 0.002** |
| Remote work arrangement | − | − | 0.09 | 0.282 |
| Work for public company | − | − | −0.04 | 0.578 |
| Company with 1,000+ employees | − | − | 0.04 | 0.452 |
| 5 years or more tenure | − | − | −0.05 | 0.296 |
| Job satisfaction rating | − | − | −0.25 | 0.002** |
Note(s): JR = job resource; PR=personal resource; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
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