Table 4 Structural equation model (SEM)...

Table 4

Structural equation model (SEM) for turnover intention

Variables	MODEL 2 (linear probability regression)
	Level 1		Level 2
	Outcome: Lonely (score ≥43)		Outcome: Intention to turnover in next year
	Coeff.	p-value	Coeff.	p-value
Lonely (score ≥ 43)	−	−	16.1%	0.000^***
Job and personal resource factors
Social companionship [JR]	−0.14	0.000^***	−2.3%	0.000^***
Good work-life balance [JR]	−0.07	0.000^***	−1.1%	0.000^***
Satisfied with communication [JR]	−0.04	0.003^**	−0.7%	0.006^**
Supportive work environment [JR]	−0.02	0.262	−0.3%	0.263
Technology enables connection [JR]	−0.02	0.112	−0.4%	0.115
Resilience [PR]	−0.36	0.000^***	−5.9%	0.000^***
Less perceived alienation [PR]	−0.19	0.000^***	−3.1%	0.000^***
Demographic characteristics
Male	−	−	6.7%	0.000^***
Age	−	−	−0.7%	0.000^***
White	−	−	−6.7%	0.000^***
South region	−	−	0.1%	0.935
Occupational characteristics
Hours worked per week	−	−	−0.1%	0.02^*
Remote work arrangement	−	−	3.7%	0.111
Work for public company	−	−	1.6%	0.463
Company with 1,000+ employees	−	−	3.9%	0.017^*
5 years or more tenure	−	−	−8.5%	0.000^***
Job satisfaction rating	−	−	−37.9%	0.000^***

Variables	MODEL 2 (linear probability regression)
	Level 1		Level 2
	Outcome: Lonely (score ≥43)		Outcome: Intention to turnover in next year
	Coeff.	p-value	Coeff.	p-value
Lonely (score ≥ 43)	−	−	16.1%	0.000^***
Job and personal resource factors
Social companionship [JR]	−0.14	0.000^***	−2.3%	0.000^***
Good work-life balance [JR]	−0.07	0.000^***	−1.1%	0.000^***
Satisfied with communication [JR]	−0.04	0.003^**	−0.7%	0.006^**
Supportive work environment [JR]	−0.02	0.262	−0.3%	0.263
Technology enables connection [JR]	−0.02	0.112	−0.4%	0.115
Resilience [PR]	−0.36	0.000^***	−5.9%	0.000^***
Less perceived alienation [PR]	−0.19	0.000^***	−3.1%	0.000^***
Demographic characteristics
Male	−	−	6.7%	0.000^***
Age	−	−	−0.7%	0.000^***
White	−	−	−6.7%	0.000^***
South region	−	−	0.1%	0.935
Occupational characteristics
Hours worked per week	−	−	−0.1%	0.02^*
Remote work arrangement	−	−	3.7%	0.111
Work for public company	−	−	1.6%	0.463
Company with 1,000+ employees	−	−	3.9%	0.017^*
5 years or more tenure	−	−	−8.5%	0.000^***
Job satisfaction rating	−	−	−37.9%	0.000^***

Note(s): JR = job resource; PR = personal resource; ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001

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