Stakeholders and roles
| Stakeholder | Roles | Examples of stakeholders |
|---|---|---|
| Service provider | Provide social service in transaction Examples: provide capital for social service and provide data related to service provision and outcomes | Non-profit or non-government organisation (NGO), public sector service provider, cooperative, non-profit or for-profit social enterprise, for profit business |
| Investors | Provide capital to service providers upfront or over the duration of the contract Examples: senior lenders: investors with highest priority in repayment if outcomes are met Subordinate lenders: investors with lower ranking priority in repayment Grant makers: investors who are not repaid regardless of outcomes being met | Individual, trust, foundation, investment firm, commercial bank, credit union, public sector entity, NGO (including service providers themselves), government agency (other than outcome funder) |
| Intermediaries | Example: raise capital, structure deal, establish company (SPV/LLC), manage partners, receive outcome payments and pay investors, conduct performance management of service provision | Non-profit (financial structuring entity or social policy research organisation), commercial bank, impact investment firm, government agency, business |
| Outcome funders | Pay for outcomes Example: determine outcome metrics and repayment terms | Government, foundation, development agency |
| Evaluators | Assess outcomes of programme | Independent evaluation firm, research institution, university, government agency |
| Validators | Validate rigour of evaluation to assess outcomes | Independent evaluation firm, research institution, university, government agency |
| Lawyers | Advise on structure of deal, represent various actors involved in deal | Law firm |
| Technical assistance providers | Advise outcome funders (governments) and service providers on design and implementation of deal | NGO, university, development agency |
| Stakeholder | Roles | Examples of stakeholders |
|---|---|---|
| Service provider | Provide social service in transaction | Non-profit or non-government organisation (NGO), public sector service provider, cooperative, non-profit or for-profit social enterprise, for profit business |
| Investors | Provide capital to service providers upfront or over the duration of the contract | Individual, trust, foundation, investment firm, commercial bank, credit union, public sector entity, NGO (including service providers themselves), government agency (other than outcome funder) |
| Intermediaries | Example: raise capital, structure deal, establish company (SPV/LLC), manage partners, receive outcome payments and pay investors, conduct performance management of service provision | Non-profit (financial structuring entity or social policy research organisation), commercial bank, impact investment firm, government agency, business |
| Outcome funders | Pay for outcomes | Government, foundation, development agency |
| Evaluators | Assess outcomes of programme | Independent evaluation firm, research institution, university, government agency |
| Validators | Validate rigour of evaluation to assess outcomes | Independent evaluation firm, research institution, university, government agency |
| Lawyers | Advise on structure of deal, represent various actors involved in deal | Law firm |
| Technical assistance providers | Advise outcome funders (governments) and service providers on design and implementation of deal | NGO, university, development agency |
Source: Gustafsson-Wright et al. (2015)
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