Properties of field gravel (GP-GM), mixed scaled soil (SP-SM) and scaled up again at 50g (GP)
| Property | Field soil (GP-GM) | Mixed scaled soil (SP-SM) | Prototype mixed (GP) |
|---|---|---|---|
| emax | 0·690 | 0·899 | — |
| emin | 0·340 | 0·609 | — |
| D50: mm | 6·400 | 0·345 | 17·300 |
| D10: mm | 0·065 | 0·060 | 3·000 |
| Cu (D60/D10) | 138·4 | 6·0 | 6·0 |
| Cc ((D230/D10)D60) | 9·0 | 4·2 | 4·2 |
| Gs | 2·680 | 2·650 | 2·650 |
| k: cm/s | 1·3 × 10−3 (e = 0·57) | 4·52 × 10−4 (e = 0·84) | 4·1 × 10−1 (e = 0·57) |
| Friction angle, ϕ′: ° | 41·0a | — | 40·0b |
| Fines content: % | 9·87 | 10·0 | 0·0 |
| Cohesion, c′: kPa | 0·0 | — | 1·0b |
| Sand content: % | 18·38 | 90 | 8·13 |
| 0·690 | 0·899 | — | |
| 0·340 | 0·609 | — | |
| 6·400 | 0·345 | 17·300 | |
| 0·065 | 0·060 | 3·000 | |
| 138·4 | 6·0 | 6·0 | |
| 9·0 | 4·2 | 4·2 | |
| 2·680 | 2·650 | 2·650 | |
| 1·3 × 10−3 ( | 4·52 × 10−4 ( | 4·1 × 10−1 ( | |
| Friction angle, | 41·0 | — | 40·0 |
| Fines content: % | 9·87 | 10·0 | 0·0 |
| Cohesion, | 0·0 | — | 1·0 |
| Sand content: % | 18·38 | 90 | 8·13 |
Notes: e, void ratio; D10, D30, D50, D60, soil particle diameter where the 10, 30, 50 and 60% of the sample is finer; k, coefficient of permeability from the Kozeny−Carman equation (Carrier, 2003). Void ratio e = 0·57 average from field data IT1-4 (Lucas et al., 2017)
Derived from triaxial stress path test
Values adopted for numerical modelling
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