Table 3.

Construct measures and indicator weights

MeasuresWeights
IT capabilities (formative measure)a 
ITC1. Use e-commerce and internet-based technologies0.504
ITC2. Manage digital marketing tools0.568
International marketing capabilities (formative measure)a 
IMC1. Understand foreign customers’ needs0.342
IMC2. Manage relationships with foreign customers0.381
IMC3. Apply international marketing strategies effectively0.395
Export operations capabilities (formative measure)a 
EOC1. Manage conformity with foreign markets’ legal and fiscal requirements0.419
EOC2. Manage international logistics (transport mode selection, documentation, insurance, etc.)0.625
Cross-border e-commerce strategic performance (formative measure)b 
SP1. Sales objectives of cross-border e-commerce0.337
SP2. Other strategic objective of cross-border e-commerce (e.g. access to new foreign markets)0.742
Cross-border e-commerce financial performancec/
Cross-border e-commerce sales as a percentage of total export sales 
Use of e-commerce platformsc/
1 = cross-border e-commerce executed solely or mainly through a firm’s own website; 2 = cross-border e-commerce executed solely or mainly through third-party e-commerce platforms 

Notes:

a

Competences relative to their firms’ major competitors on five-point scales (1 = very poor; 5 = outstanding).

b

Strategic performance related to the objectives of the cross-border e-commerce (1 = not achieved at all; 5 = completely achieved).

c

Single-item measures

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