Table II. Data and description of...

Table II.

Data and description of variables

Variable	Description	Mean	SD
Farmer’s age	Age of the farmer in years	52.1	13.1
Household head’s age	Age of the household head in years	56.0	13.7
Farmer’s education	Education of the farmer in years	6.07	5.75
Household head’s education	Education of the household head in years	5.8	5.8
Experience in farming	Farming experience of the farmer in years	33.37	13.42
Land ownership	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is land owner, 0 otherwise	0.82	0.51
Adult males	Number of adult males in the household	4.12	0.26
Adult females	Number of adult females in the household	4.05	0.34
Membership	Dummy, 1 if the farmer has organization membership, 0 otherwise	0.46	0.31
Land holding	Amount of land owned by the farmers in kanals (20 kanal = 1 ha)	29.88	24.69
Waste land	Amount of land owned not suitable for cultivation (kanals)	14.53	18.27
Farm land	Amount of operational farm land owned (kanals)	15.33	12.72
Soil fertility	Dummy, 1 if farmers are satisfied with the soil fertility level, 0 otherwise	0.60	0.38
Cattle	Number of cattle owned by the household	5.62	4.45
Road access	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to a metal (surfaced) road, 0 otherwise	0.13	0.28
Climate change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived climate change, 0 otherwise	0.83	0.34
Temperature change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived change in temperature, 0 otherwise	0.93	0.29
Wind change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived changes in wind, 0 otherwise	0.68	0.37
Rainfall change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived changes in rainfall, 0 otherwise	0.72	0.29
Drought-tolerant varieties	Dummy, 1 if the household has planted drought-tolerant varieties, 0 otherwise	0.31	0.24
Non-farm participation	Dummy, 1 if the household participated in non-farm work, 0 otherwise	0.38	0.29
Sowing time adjustment	Dummy, 1 if the household has adjusted sowing time, 0 otherwise	0.27	0.21
Tree planting	Dummy, 1 if the household has planted trees, 0 otherwise	0.45	0.34
Forest-based livelihood	Dummy, 1 if the household has a forest-based livelihood, 0 otherwise	0.41	0.26
Timber	Dummy, 1 if the household is using timber forest products, 0 otherwise	0.82	0.16
Honey	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting honey, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.19
Wax	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting wax, 0 otherwise	0.26	0.24
Fodder	Dummy, 1 if the household is using fodder from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.68	0.37
Fruit and vegetables	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting fruit and vegetables from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.34	0.27
Game	Dummy, 1 if the household is using game (birds, animals, fish) from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.09	0.14
Medicinal plants	Dummy, 1 if the household is using medicinal plants from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.51	0.39
Forest income	Per annum income from forest in Pak rupees (Pak Rs 106 = US$1)	7,165	2,614
Employment income	Per annum income from employment in Pak rupees	200,040	26,584
Non-farm income	Per annum income from non-farm sources in Pak rupees	47,250	3,681
Television	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a TV, 0 otherwise	0.41	0.33
Tractor	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a tractor, 0 otherwise	0.06	0.17
Trolley	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a trolley, 0 otherwise	0.10	0.32
Thresher	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a thresher, 0 otherwise	0.03	0.23
Kasola (Hand implement used for land preparation and hoeing operations)	1 if the household owns a kasola, 0 otherwise	0.83	0.27
Sickle	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a sickle, 0 otherwise	0.99	0.25
Refrigerator	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a refrigerator, 0 otherwise	0.36	0.24
Fan	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a fan, 0 otherwise	0.86	0.23
Credit	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to credit facility, 0 otherwise	0.18	0.23
Agri. extension	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to agri. extension facility, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.29
Gilgit	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Gilgit district, 0 otherwise	0.13	0.17
Skardu	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Skardu district, 0 otherwise	0.19	0.12
Astore	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Astore district, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.18
Ghizer	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Ghizer district, 0 otherwise	0.15	0.14
Ghanche	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Ghanche district, 0 otherwise	0.18	0.13
Hunza Nagar	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Hunza-Nagar district, 0 otherwise	0.07	0.14
Diamer	Dummy, 1 if the farmers is from Diamer district, 0 otherwise	0.06	0.24

Variable	Description	Mean	SD
Farmer’s age	Age of the farmer in years	52.1	13.1
Household head’s age	Age of the household head in years	56.0	13.7
Farmer’s education	Education of the farmer in years	6.07	5.75
Household head’s education	Education of the household head in years	5.8	5.8
Experience in farming	Farming experience of the farmer in years	33.37	13.42
Land ownership	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is land owner, 0 otherwise	0.82	0.51
Adult males	Number of adult males in the household	4.12	0.26
Adult females	Number of adult females in the household	4.05	0.34
Membership	Dummy, 1 if the farmer has organization membership, 0 otherwise	0.46	0.31
Land holding	Amount of land owned by the farmers in kanals (20 kanal = 1 ha)	29.88	24.69
Waste land	Amount of land owned not suitable for cultivation (kanals)	14.53	18.27
Farm land	Amount of operational farm land owned (kanals)	15.33	12.72
Soil fertility	Dummy, 1 if farmers are satisfied with the soil fertility level, 0 otherwise	0.60	0.38
Cattle	Number of cattle owned by the household	5.62	4.45
Road access	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to a metal (surfaced) road, 0 otherwise	0.13	0.28
Climate change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived climate change, 0 otherwise	0.83	0.34
Temperature change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived change in temperature, 0 otherwise	0.93	0.29
Wind change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived changes in wind, 0 otherwise	0.68	0.37
Rainfall change	Dummy, 1 if the household perceived changes in rainfall, 0 otherwise	0.72	0.29
Drought-tolerant varieties	Dummy, 1 if the household has planted drought-tolerant varieties, 0 otherwise	0.31	0.24
Non-farm participation	Dummy, 1 if the household participated in non-farm work, 0 otherwise	0.38	0.29
Sowing time adjustment	Dummy, 1 if the household has adjusted sowing time, 0 otherwise	0.27	0.21
Tree planting	Dummy, 1 if the household has planted trees, 0 otherwise	0.45	0.34
Forest-based livelihood	Dummy, 1 if the household has a forest-based livelihood, 0 otherwise	0.41	0.26
Timber	Dummy, 1 if the household is using timber forest products, 0 otherwise	0.82	0.16
Honey	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting honey, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.19
Wax	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting wax, 0 otherwise	0.26	0.24
Fodder	Dummy, 1 if the household is using fodder from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.68	0.37
Fruit and vegetables	Dummy, 1 if the household is harvesting fruit and vegetables from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.34	0.27
Game	Dummy, 1 if the household is using game (birds, animals, fish) from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.09	0.14
Medicinal plants	Dummy, 1 if the household is using medicinal plants from the forest, 0 otherwise	0.51	0.39
Forest income	Per annum income from forest in Pak rupees (Pak Rs 106 = US$1)	7,165	2,614
Employment income	Per annum income from employment in Pak rupees	200,040	26,584
Non-farm income	Per annum income from non-farm sources in Pak rupees	47,250	3,681
Television	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a TV, 0 otherwise	0.41	0.33
Tractor	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a tractor, 0 otherwise	0.06	0.17
Trolley	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a trolley, 0 otherwise	0.10	0.32
Thresher	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a thresher, 0 otherwise	0.03	0.23
Kasola (Hand implement used for land preparation and hoeing operations)	1 if the household owns a kasola, 0 otherwise	0.83	0.27
Sickle	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a sickle, 0 otherwise	0.99	0.25
Refrigerator	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a refrigerator, 0 otherwise	0.36	0.24
Fan	Dummy, 1 if the household owns a fan, 0 otherwise	0.86	0.23
Credit	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to credit facility, 0 otherwise	0.18	0.23
Agri. extension	Dummy, 1 if the household has access to agri. extension facility, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.29
Gilgit	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Gilgit district, 0 otherwise	0.13	0.17
Skardu	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Skardu district, 0 otherwise	0.19	0.12
Astore	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Astore district, 0 otherwise	0.22	0.18
Ghizer	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Ghizer district, 0 otherwise	0.15	0.14
Ghanche	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Ghanche district, 0 otherwise	0.18	0.13
Hunza Nagar	Dummy, 1 if the farmer is from Hunza-Nagar district, 0 otherwise	0.07	0.14
Diamer	Dummy, 1 if the farmers is from Diamer district, 0 otherwise	0.06	0.24

Source: Survey data

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