Table III. Factors associated with...

Table III.

Factors associated with perceived weather changes (multivariate probit)

Variable	Temperature change	Rainfall change	Wind change
Farmer’s age	0.03** (2.17)	0.02* (1.73)	0.01*** (3.06)
Farmer’s education	0.01*** (3.09)	0.02** (1.98)	−0.03*** (3.19)
Land ownership (dummy)	0.04*** (3.35)	−0.01** (−2.17)	0.04*** (2.83)
Adult males	0.02** (2.14)	0.03 (0.73)	0.03 (1.84)
Membership (dummy)	−0.01** (−3.21)	0.01 (1.53)	−0.02 (−1.65)
Land holding	0.02 (1.13)	−0.02 (−1.72)	0.03 (1.47)
Road access (dummy)	−0.01 (−1.62)	−0.01** (−2.10)	−0.01 (−1.04)
Television (dummy)	0.03*** (2.49)	0.04* (1.66)	0.02*** (3.12)
Tractor (dummy)	0.02** (2.03)	0.03*** (3.12)	0.01 (1.26)
Credit (dummy)	0.01 (1.30)	0.02** (1.98)	0.01*** (3.18)
Agri. Extension (dummy)	0.02** (2.14)	0.01*** (3.01)	0.02** (2.13)
Ghizer (dummy)	0.01 (1.48)	0.02 (1.58)	0.03* (1.97)
Gilgit (dummy)	0.02* (1.92)	0.03* (1.77)	0.02 (1.34)
Ghanche (dummy)	0.03** (2.16)	0.01 (1.43)	0.01 (0.90)
Diamer (dummy)	0.04 (1.52)	0.02* (1.92)	0.03 (1.48)
Skardu (dummy)	0.01 (0.83)	0.01 (1.57)	0.02 (1.38)
Hunza-Nagar (dummy)	0.02 (0.91)	0.02 (1.83)	0.01 (1.70)
Constant	0.01** (2.27)	0.03** (2.10)	0.01 (1.25)
Cross Equation Correlations	ρ₁₂ 0.21 (1.37)	ρ₁₃ 0.27 (1.53)	ρ₂₃ 0.35 (1.28)
R²	0.34
LR χ²	135.24
Prob > χ²	0.000

Variable	Temperature change	Rainfall change	Wind change
Farmer’s age	0.03** (2.17)	0.02* (1.73)	0.01*** (3.06)
Farmer’s education	0.01*** (3.09)	0.02** (1.98)	−0.03*** (3.19)
Land ownership (dummy)	0.04*** (3.35)	−0.01** (−2.17)	0.04*** (2.83)
Adult males	0.02** (2.14)	0.03 (0.73)	0.03 (1.84)
Membership (dummy)	−0.01** (−3.21)	0.01 (1.53)	−0.02 (−1.65)
Land holding	0.02 (1.13)	−0.02 (−1.72)	0.03 (1.47)
Road access (dummy)	−0.01 (−1.62)	−0.01** (−2.10)	−0.01 (−1.04)
Television (dummy)	0.03*** (2.49)	0.04* (1.66)	0.02*** (3.12)
Tractor (dummy)	0.02** (2.03)	0.03*** (3.12)	0.01 (1.26)
Credit (dummy)	0.01 (1.30)	0.02** (1.98)	0.01*** (3.18)
Agri. Extension (dummy)	0.02** (2.14)	0.01*** (3.01)	0.02** (2.13)
Ghizer (dummy)	0.01 (1.48)	0.02 (1.58)	0.03* (1.97)
Gilgit (dummy)	0.02* (1.92)	0.03* (1.77)	0.02 (1.34)
Ghanche (dummy)	0.03** (2.16)	0.01 (1.43)	0.01 (0.90)
Diamer (dummy)	0.04 (1.52)	0.02* (1.92)	0.03 (1.48)
Skardu (dummy)	0.01 (0.83)	0.01 (1.57)	0.02 (1.38)
Hunza-Nagar (dummy)	0.02 (0.91)	0.02 (1.83)	0.01 (1.70)
Constant	0.01** (2.27)	0.03** (2.10)	0.01 (1.25)
Cross Equation Correlations	ρ₁₂ 0.21 (1.37)	ρ₁₃ 0.27 (1.53)	ρ₂₃ 0.35 (1.28)
R²	0.34
LR χ²	135.24
Prob > χ²	0.000

Notes:

***

= 1% level of significance;

= 5% level of significance;

= 10% level of significance; t-values are reported in parenthesis; base reference district: Astore

Source: Authors’ calculations

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