Table I.

Description of variables and expected signs

VariableRelationship with dependent variable (and the influence on farmer and household resilience)Expected sign
Age of household headYoung farmers are quick to understand and accept new ideas and are more likely to be willing to adapt to climate change than older farmers (better resilience)Negative
Education level of the household headEducation increases the probability of adapting to climate change as it is associated with being open minded and the ability to embrace positive change (better resilience)Positive
Number of people fit to work in the householdA larger household is expected to have a better labour endowment, enabling achievement of farm activities (better resilience)Negative or positive
 The consumption pressure as a result of a large household size may result in diversion to off-farm activities to generate more income, crippling ability to adapt (less resilience) 
Access to credit financeUse of credit facilities enables farmer to fund farm operations therefore enhancing the probability of a farmer to adapt strategies (better resilience)Positive
Employment status or time awarded to farmingA fulltime farmer primarily seeks to be productive in his farm activity and thus more likely to adapt (better resilience)Positive
Household total dryland farm areaThe larger the farm size, the greater the proportion of land allocated to other crop varieties (Feder et al, 1985) (better resilience, if climate smart technologies are adapted)Positive
Total farm incomeHigh income enables farmer to be able to finance different activities (better resilience)Positive
Total livestock owned by the householdLivestock ownership represent wealth, households with better livestock endowment adapt better (better resilience)Positive
Access to extension advice (dummy variable 1 = yes 0 = no)Access to extension advice is expected to increase one’s choice to adapt. Extension increase access to useful knowledge meant to bring change and growth (better resilience)Positive
Access to informationAccess to information via technology such as mobile phones and radio is expected to increase the awareness and choices to adapt (better resilience)Positive

or Create an Account

Close Modal
Close Modal