Table II Conceptual model of the... | Emerald Publishing

Table II

Conceptual model of the innovation process

Stage	Characteristics
Idea creation	Internal and external cooperation (Clark & Wheelwright, 1992) Ideas are the inputs to develop the rest of the process (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005)
Idea selection	Initial screening; the best ideas are detailed and analyzed (Clark & Wheelwright, 1992) Concepts and projects can either be rejected or become the final innovative product (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005) Ideas that meet technical requirements and consumers’ and market’s needs Detailed investigation Evaluation of the importance and relevance of ideas (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007) Decision (taking into account how the company can improve itself) (Tidd & Bessant, 2015)
Development	Fast and efficient development of the new product, service or process or the combination of them (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005) Path from the emergence of the idea to the first result (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007) Development of prototypes, tests and refinement (Brown, 2008) To translate a potential idea into something new, launching the product in an internal or external market (Tidd & Bessant, 2015)
Adoption and diffusion	Pre-commercialization (Cooper, 1993) In the Brazilian army, the pre-commercialization is the pilot implementation in a determined area for practical tests carried out with the final user Production and launch in the market (Cooper, 1993) After testing, there is a mass elaboration and distribution of products to places previously programed to operate Disclosure in the entire organization (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007) After testing and during the implementation, the disclosure is accomplished through army channels and the media in general

Stage	Characteristics
Idea creation	Internal and external cooperation (Clark & Wheelwright, 1992)Ideas are the inputs to develop the rest of the process (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005)
Idea selection	Initial screening; the best ideas are detailed and analyzed (Clark & Wheelwright, 1992)Concepts and projects can either be rejected or become the final innovative product (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005)Ideas that meet technical requirements and consumers’ and market’s needsDetailed investigationEvaluation of the importance and relevance of ideas (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007)Decision (taking into account how the company can improve itself) (Tidd & Bessant, 2015)
Development	Fast and efficient development of the new product, service or process or the combination of them (Goffin & Mitchell, 2005)Path from the emergence of the idea to the first result (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007)Development of prototypes, tests and refinement (Brown, 2008)To translate a potential idea into something new, launching the product in an internal or external market (Tidd & Bessant, 2015)
Adoption and diffusion	Pre-commercialization (Cooper, 1993)In the Brazilian army, the pre-commercialization is the pilot implementation in a determined area for practical tests carried out with the final userProduction and launch in the market (Cooper, 1993)After testing, there is a mass elaboration and distribution of products to places previously programed to operateDisclosure in the entire organization (Hansen & Birkinshaw, 2007)After testing and during the implementation, the disclosure is accomplished through army channels and the media in general

Source: Authors