Table IV

Items of the scale

Tangible resource itemsIntangible resource items Capability items Control variablesPerformance items
1. Cash (on hand/at bank) earned from operations
2. Raised financial capital (e.g. secured bank loans, issuance of shares or bonds, etc.)
3. Financial investments (e.g. financial instruments, company shares, equity positions in other companies, etc.)
4. Physical equipment and other physical assets (e.g. machinery, tools, vehicles, etc.)
5. Raw materials (in stock)
6. Buildings and other physical structures (e.g. factories, offices, warehouses, stores, showrooms, etc.)
7. Land, including its location		 1. Contracts and partnerships (e.g. joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, agency, franchising, distribution, licensing agreements, etc.)
 2. The shared values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours of employees and managers of the firm (e.g. firm culture)
 3. The operating and reporting structure of the firm
 4. Employee recruitment, compensation, reward, and training policies (e.g. human resource management policies)
 5. Legally protected designs
 6. Legally protected trademarks
 7. Legally protected patents
 8. Legally protected copyrights
 9. Proprietary/held-in-secret technology (e.g. customised software, specialised manufacturing technology, software developed in-house, etc.)
10. Customer service reputation
11. Brand name reputation
12. Company reputation
13. Product/service reputation		 1. The skills, expertise and decision-making abilities of managers
 2. The overall skills, creativity, innovativeness and know-how of employees
 3. Knowledge management and sharing skills (e.g. collaborative platforms, social software, blogs, wikis)
 4. Relationships that employees and managers have established and maintained with external constituents (e.g. customers, distributors, agents, suppliers, outsourcing partners, government, etc.) for the firm’s benefit
 5. Network responsiveness, co-ordination and adaptation of social networks
 6. Operational processes that support the whole organisational units and help information processing about customers and markets (e.g. IT systems, call centres, CRM)
7. ERP, supply chain and logistics systems		 1. Our firm has been in business for ___ years (AGE)
 2. Our firm has: __________ full-time employees (SIZE)
 3. In our industry, the degree to which competitors are roughly equal in size and power is (RIVALRY)
 4. Overall market growth in our industry is (RIVALRY)
 5. The number of competitors vying for customers in our industry is (RIVALRY)
 6. The fixed cost structure required to compete in our industry is (RIVALRY)
 7. The intensity with which competitors jockey for a better position in the industry is (RIVALRY)
 8. In our industry, the degree to which only a few competitors dominate the market (RIVALRY)
 9. The extent to which price competition is used regularly in our industry is (RIVALRY)
10. The degree to which competitors in our industry offer clearly differentiated products/services (RIVALRY)
11. How easy is it for new firms to enter and compete in your industry
12. To what degree is your industry threatened by substitute products/services
13. What level of bargaining power (e.g. ability to negotiate lower prices) do you have over your suppliers
14. What level of bargaining power (e.g. ability to negotiate lower prices) do customers have over your firm		1. Profitability
2. Sales growth
3. Market share
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