Table I Principal results of studies on...

Table I

Principal results of studies on geomarketing and GIS

Research objective	Methodology	Conclusions	Source
Geomarketing
To analyse the utility of geomarketing techniques	Theoretical review	Geomarketing aids rational decision making in developing countries	Allo (2014)
To demonstrate the importance of geomarketing in commercial distribution	Gravity model and Multinomial Logit	The location of “shadow zones” in commercial networks can be solved by GIS	Calero (2004)
To analyse the utility of the variogram function	Variogram function	Development of a spatial instrument combining analytical and graphical analysis	Chica Olmo and Luque Martínez (1992)
To analyse the cost of land in the City of Granada	Residual Iterative Kriging Method	Development of a methodology for estimating the price and value of houses	Chica Olmo (1995)
Eliminate the uncertainty in spatial analysis	GIS	GIS are geographical decision-making tools in environments with a degree of uncertainty	Goodchild (2008)
Analyse the utility of GIS in Geo-design.		GISs are valid tools for geo-design of commercial networks	Goodchild (2010)
Spatial problems
Allocation of individuals to different geographical centres	Inner group of centrality	The allocation of clients and costs to each regional unit provides improvements in marketing management and returns	Altshuler et al. (2015)
	Location-allocation model	Optimization of the allocation of individuals to primary health care centres in Lujan (Argentina)	Buzai (2011)
		GISs reduce the journey length for citizens to electoral modules in Chihuahua (México)	Casado and Palacios (2012)
		GISs allow the analysis of access to social services by the different social strata in the Republic of Philippines	Delgado and Canters (2011)
		GISs allow analysis of the differences in land use by the different social strata in Montevideo (Uruguay)	Fonseca et al. (2016)
		GISs allow the analysis of land use planning and the spread of land prices in Montevideo	Lozano-Botache (2016)
		Design of a location-price model of a network of petrol stations in Singapore	Chan et al. (2007)
		Maximization of the coverage of a network of acoustic warning stations in Dublin (Ohio)	Tong (2012)
	Huff Model	Utility of the Huff Model in the analysis of the attraction capacity of shopping centres	Díez and Escalona (2001)
Undesirable installations	Location-allocation models	Models for the identification of undesirable installations	Bosque and Franco (1995)
Distribution intensity and its effect on purchasing	Gini coefficient	Importance of spatial proximity of clients in the automotive sector	Bucklin et al. (2008)
	Nakanishi and Cooper model	Shows the utility of these models in the installation of a new point of sale in an already existing network	Drezner (1994)
	Variance analysis	Relationship between long journeys and purchase of durable goods	Hyman (1987)
	Regression model	Demonstrates the importance of geographical distance in commercial relations	Ganesan et al. (2005)
	Weighted geographic regression models	Displays different patterns of satisfaction with a network of points of sale depending on the physical and psychological factors of their clients by virtue of their geographic location	Mittal et al. (2004)
	Location-allocation model. GIS	Models and maps spatial competition and its impact on trade	Moreno (2003)
		Reduction of urban and rural journeys for the purchase of durable goods	Rodríguez et al. (2015)
Territorial analysis	Kernel Estimator and weighted geographic regression models	Analysis of the land cover generated by Geo-Wiki project on a 50 kilometres grid	Comber et al. (2016)
	Kernel Estimator	Optimization of location of hospitals	Donthu and Rust (1989)
	P-Median hierarchical models and SILA	Demonstrates unequal access to health services in Ghana	Yasenovskiy and Hodgson (2007)
Design of journey flows and transport	GIS	Demonstrates the validity of GIS for the design of transport flows	Loidl et al. (2016)
	Pickup and intercept flow models	The application of these models in the analysis of buyer journeys	Zeng et al. (2009)
Theoretical problems
Model design	Minsum and Minmax	Demonstrates when to apply each developed model	Carrizosa and Romero (2001)
Utility of geographic analysis	Exploratory analysis of spatial data	Applications of geomarketing in the distribution sector	Chasco (2003)
	GIS, Huff Model and LISA	Demonstrates the usefulness of the application of geomarketing in marketing departments	Chasco (2012)
	Location-allocation model. GIS	Pioneering work demonstrating the progress in marketing decisions due to GIS	García-Palomo (1997)
	GIS	Shows the business benefits of geographic analysis	Goodchild (1991)
		Analyses the importance of symbolization for geographic information users	Ozimec et al. (2010)
		Extends the validity of GIS for temporal and geographical analysis	Goodchild (2013)
	Theoretical review	Retrospective analysis of the creation and evolution of GIS.	Goodchild (2000)
		Demonstrates opportunities offered by geographical research techniques (GRT)	Moreno (2004)
	First order spatial autoregressive model	Demonstrates existence of a delay between the variation of macroeconomic variables and its geographic implications	López and Chasco (2007)

Research objective	Methodology	Conclusions	Source
Geomarketing
To analyse the utility of geomarketing techniques	Theoretical review	Geomarketing aids rational decision making in developing countries	Allo (2014)
To demonstrate the importance of geomarketing in commercial distribution	Gravity model and Multinomial Logit	The location of “shadow zones” in commercial networks can be solved by GIS	Calero (2004)
To analyse the utility of the variogram function	Variogram function	Development of a spatial instrument combining analytical and graphical analysis	Chica Olmo and Luque Martínez (1992)
To analyse the cost of land in the City of Granada	Residual Iterative Kriging Method	Development of a methodology for estimating the price and value of houses	Chica Olmo (1995)
Eliminate the uncertainty in spatial analysis	GIS	GIS are geographical decision-making tools in environments with a degree of uncertainty	Goodchild (2008)
Analyse the utility of GIS in Geo-design.		GISs are valid tools for geo-design of commercial networks	Goodchild (2010)
Spatial problems
Allocation of individuals to different geographical centres	Inner group of centrality	The allocation of clients and costs to each regional unit provides improvements in marketing management and returns	Altshuler et al. (2015)
	Location-allocation model	Optimization of the allocation of individuals to primary health care centres in Lujan (Argentina)	Buzai (2011)
		GISs reduce the journey length for citizens to electoral modules in Chihuahua (México)	Casado and Palacios (2012)
		GISs allow the analysis of access to social services by the different social strata in the Republic of Philippines	Delgado and Canters (2011)
		GISs allow analysis of the differences in land use by the different social strata in Montevideo (Uruguay)	Fonseca et al. (2016)
		GISs allow the analysis of land use planning and the spread of land prices in Montevideo	Lozano-Botache (2016)
		Design of a location-price model of a network of petrol stations in Singapore	Chan et al. (2007)
		Maximization of the coverage of a network of acoustic warning stations in Dublin (Ohio)	Tong (2012)
	Huff Model	Utility of the Huff Model in the analysis of the attraction capacity of shopping centres	Díez and Escalona (2001)
Undesirable installations	Location-allocation models	Models for the identification of undesirable installations	Bosque and Franco (1995)
Distribution intensity and its effect on purchasing	Gini coefficient	Importance of spatial proximity of clients in the automotive sector	Bucklin et al. (2008)
	Nakanishi and Cooper model	Shows the utility of these models in the installation of a new point of sale in an already existing network	Drezner (1994)
	Variance analysis	Relationship between long journeys and purchase of durable goods	Hyman (1987)
	Regression model	Demonstrates the importance of geographical distance in commercial relations	Ganesan et al. (2005)
	Weighted geographic regression models	Displays different patterns of satisfaction with a network of points of sale depending on the physical and psychological factors of their clients by virtue of their geographic location	Mittal et al. (2004)
	Location-allocation model. GIS	Models and maps spatial competition and its impact on trade	Moreno (2003)
		Reduction of urban and rural journeys for the purchase of durable goods	Rodríguez et al. (2015)
Territorial analysis	Kernel Estimator and weighted geographic regression models	Analysis of the land cover generated by Geo-Wiki project on a 50 kilometres grid	Comber et al. (2016)
	Kernel Estimator	Optimization of location of hospitals	Donthu and Rust (1989)
	P-Median hierarchical models and SILA	Demonstrates unequal access to health services in Ghana	Yasenovskiy and Hodgson (2007)
Design of journey flows and transport	GIS	Demonstrates the validity of GIS for the design of transport flows	Loidl et al. (2016)
	Pickup and intercept flow models	The application of these models in the analysis of buyer journeys	Zeng et al. (2009)
Theoretical problems
Model design	Minsum and Minmax	Demonstrates when to apply each developed model	Carrizosa and Romero (2001)
Utility of geographic analysis	Exploratory analysis of spatial data	Applications of geomarketing in the distribution sector	Chasco (2003)
	GIS, Huff Model and LISA	Demonstrates the usefulness of the application of geomarketing in marketing departments	Chasco (2012)
	Location-allocation model. GIS	Pioneering work demonstrating the progress in marketing decisions due to GIS	García-Palomo (1997)
	GIS	Shows the business benefits of geographic analysis	Goodchild (1991)
		Analyses the importance of symbolization for geographic information users	Ozimec et al. (2010)
		Extends the validity of GIS for temporal and geographical analysis	Goodchild (2013)
	Theoretical review	Retrospective analysis of the creation and evolution of GIS.	Goodchild (2000)
		Demonstrates opportunities offered by geographical research techniques (GRT)	Moreno (2004)
	First order spatial autoregressive model	Demonstrates existence of a delay between the variation of macroeconomic variables and its geographic implications	López and Chasco (2007)

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