Summary: tax gap sources, methodologies and range
| Wealth tax | Methodology | Range (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Under-reporting | ||
| Unproductive assets | External information: Survey of Household Finances | 4.63 |
| Business exemption | Tax audit information: a) Constant share b) The share depends on the value of exemption c) Average a + b | 35.85-36.31 |
| Abroad-located assets | External information: a) Roine and Waldenström (2009) b) Zucman (2013, 2014) c) Average a + b | 43.79-64.39 |
| Non-reported loans | Tax audit information | 0.17 |
| Non-filing | ||
| Missing taxpayers | Atkinson (1975) comparison of the WT taxpayers’ distribution with a representative distribution created from Inheritance tax returns | 0.97 |
| Non-payment | ||
| Tax collection information | 1.75 | |
| Inheritance and gift tax | Methodology | Range (%) |
| Under – reporting | ||
| Inheritances | ||
| Unproductive assets | External information: Survey of Household Finances | 3.18 |
| Assets’ valuation | Tax audit information: | 15.79 |
| Abroad located assets | WT gap information and mortality rates | 31.53-42.26 |
| Business deduction | WT gap information | 23.28-26.26 |
| Gifts | ||
| Assets’ valuation | Tax audit information | 0.21 |
| Business deduction | Tax audit information: | 4.31 |
| Non-payment | ||
| Tax collection information | 14.36 | |
| Wealth tax | Methodology | Range (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Unproductive assets | External information: Survey of Household Finances | 4.63 |
| Business exemption | Tax audit information: | 35.85-36.31 |
| Abroad-located assets | External information: | 43.79-64.39 |
| Non-reported loans | Tax audit information | 0.17 |
| Missing taxpayers | 0.97 | |
| Tax collection information | 1.75 | |
| Inheritance and gift tax | Methodology | Range (%) |
| Inheritances | ||
| Unproductive assets | External information: Survey of Household Finances | 3.18 |
| Assets’ valuation | Tax audit information: | 15.79 |
| Abroad located assets | WT gap information and mortality rates | 31.53-42.26 |
| Business deduction | WT gap information | 23.28-26.26 |
| Gifts | ||
| Assets’ valuation | Tax audit information | 0.21 |
| Business deduction | Tax audit information: | 4.31 |
| Non-payment | ||
| Tax collection information | 14.36 | |