Table 7. Comparison of the mean change...

Table 7.

Comparison of the mean change of NFD extent total index and the mean change of NFD sub-indices before and after implementation of the directive

Groups	n	Δ EN	Δ LP	Δ HR	Δ CI	Δ AC	Δ NFD extent total index
Group 1. Sample firms with experience and with no experience before the implementation of the Directive
With experience in NFD	84	0.357	0.449	0.420	0.295	0.503	0.405
With no experience in NFD	50	0.780	0.800	0.575	0.645	0.655	0.691
KW (H)		36.807***	21.897***	3.056*	20.817***	2.803*	19.218***
Group 2. Sample firms that prepared stand-alone report or did not prepare stand-alone report both years
With stand-alone report	12	0.229	0.313	0.167	0.167	0.208	0.217
With no stand-alone report	60	0.646	0.721	0.579	0.521	0.683	0.630
KW (H)		6.962***	4.494***	5.909***	4.915***	6.647***	6.107***
Group 3. Sample firms that were listed on respect score in 2017
Listed on respect index	27	0.148	0.176	0.083	0.130	0.231	0.154
Not listed on respect index	107	0.607	0.682	0.577	0.500	0.643	0.602
KW (H)		27.279***	30.526***	23.314***	15.479***	14.830***	26.233***
Group 4. Sample firms with or without state ownership both years
State ownership	18	0.222	0.278	0.153	0.125	0.250	0.206
Privately owned	116	0.560	0.627	0.528	0.472	0.608	0.559
KW (H)		11.896***	9.818***	10.782***	11.025***	9.768***	14.653***
Group 5. Sample firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries or other industries both years
Env. insensitive industry	29	0.241	0.379	0.267	0.267	0.336	0.298
Other industries	105	0.590	0.636	0.536	0.469	0.621	0.570
KW (H)		18.938***	8.287***	6.963***	5.066**	7.079***	10.870***

Groups	n	Δ EN	Δ LP	Δ HR	Δ CI	Δ AC	Δ NFD extenttotal index
Group 1. Sample firms with experience and with no experience before the implementation of the Directive
With experience in NFD	84	0.357	0.449	0.420	0.295	0.503	0.405
With no experience in NFD	50	0.780	0.800	0.575	0.645	0.655	0.691
KW (H)		36.807***	21.897***	3.056*	20.817***	2.803*	19.218***
Group 2. Sample firms that prepared stand-alone report or did not prepare stand-alone report both years
With stand-alone report	12	0.229	0.313	0.167	0.167	0.208	0.217
With no stand-alone report	60	0.646	0.721	0.579	0.521	0.683	0.630
KW (H)		6.962***	4.494***	5.909***	4.915***	6.647***	6.107***
Group 3. Sample firms that were listed on respect score in 2017
Listed on respect index	27	0.148	0.176	0.083	0.130	0.231	0.154
Not listed on respect index	107	0.607	0.682	0.577	0.500	0.643	0.602
KW (H)		27.279***	30.526***	23.314***	15.479***	14.830***	26.233***
Group 4. Sample firms with or without state ownership both years
State ownership	18	0.222	0.278	0.153	0.125	0.250	0.206
Privately owned	116	0.560	0.627	0.528	0.472	0.608	0.559
KW (H)		11.896***	9.818***	10.782***	11.025***	9.768***	14.653***
Group 5. Sample firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries or other industries both years
Env. insensitive industry	29	0.241	0.379	0.267	0.267	0.336	0.298
Other industries	105	0.590	0.636	0.536	0.469	0.621	0.570
KW (H)		18.938***	8.287***	6.963***	5.066**	7.079***	10.870***

Notes:

*p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01

Source: Own elaboration