Table 1

Some phytofabricated nanoparticles

PlantPlant partsBiomolecules involvedType of NPSize and shapeReferences
Acalypha indicaLeafQuercetinSilver20–30 nm; sphericalSun et al.34 
Achyranthus asperaLeafPolyolsSilver20–30 nm; sphericalKrishnaraj et al.35 
Allium sativumLeafSucrose and fructoseSilver4–22 nm; sphericalDaniel et al.36 
Aloe veraLeafProteinsSilver, gold50–350 nm; spherical and triangularVon White et al.37 
Azadirachta indicaLeafSalanin, nimbin, azadirone and azadirachtinSilver, gold7·5–6·5 nm; spherical, triangular, quasi-sphericalChandran et al.38 
Astragalus gummiferLeafProteinsSilver13·1±1·0 nm; sphericalThirumurugan et al.39 
Andrograhis paniculataLeafHydroxyflavones; catechinSilver28 nm; sphericalKora and Arunachalam40 
Anacardium occidentaleLeafPolyols and proteinsGold, silver, gold core–silver shell, gold–silver alloy—Jayashree and Vani41 
Allium cepaLeafVitamin CGoldApproximately 100 nmSheny et al.42 
Avena sativaLeafPhenolicsGold6–20 nmParida et al.43 
Argemone MexicanaLeafTerpenoidSilver—Shankar et al.44 
Boswellia ovalifoliolataLeafTannins and quininesSilver30–40 nmSingh et al.45 
Brassica junceaLeafOxalic acidGold—Ankanna et al.46 
Bacopa monnieraLeafPhenolicsSilver15–120 nmMarshall et al.47 
Boswelliaovali foliolataBark and leafPolyols, heterocyclic componentsSilver—Mahitha et al.48 
Bauhinia variegateLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsGold43–145 nmJha et al.49 
Cinnamomum camphoraLeafPolyols, heterocyclic componentsGold and silver55–80 nmKumar and Yadav50 
Capsium annuumLeafProteinsSilver15–20 nmHuang et al.51 
Cinnamomum zeylanicumLeafTerpenoidSilver50–100 nmLi et al.25 
Carica papayaLeafHydroxyflavones and catechinsSilver15 nmSathishkumar et al.52 
CorianderLeafProteins and amino acidsGold6·75–57·91 nmKora and Arunachalam40 
Cariandrum sativumLeafTerpenoid, flavonoidsSilver26 nmNarayanan and Sakthivel53 
Curcuma longaLeafFlavones, alkaloid or proteinsSilver—Sathyavathi et al.54 
Catharanthus roseusLeafProteins and amino acidsSilver48–67 nmSathishkumar et al.55 
Camellia sinensisLeafPolyphenolic compoundsGold25 nmKannan et al.56 
Centella asiaticaLeafTerpenoid, flavonoidsSilver—Boruah et al.57 
Chenopodium albumLeafOxalic acidSilver, gold12, 10 nmPalaniselvam et al.58 
Coleus aromaticusLeafFlavonoidsSilver40–50 nmDwivedi and Gopal59 
Cycas circinalisLeafProteins and amino acidsSilver2–6 nmVanaja and Annadurai60 
Citrullus colocynthisLeafPolyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide regionSilver31 nmJha et al.49 
Chrysanthemum morifoliumLeafFlavonoidsSilver20–50 nm; sphericalPriya et al.61 
Chrysopogon zizanioidesLeafTerpenoidSilver85–110 nm, cubicHe et al.62 
Chrysanthemum indicumLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsSilver37·71–71·99 nm; sphericalArunachalam and Annamalai63 
Datura metelLeafPlastohydroquinone or plastrocohydroquinolSilver16–40 nmArokiyaraj et al.64 
Desmodium triforumLeafWater soluble antioxidative silverent such as ascorbic acidsSilver5–20 nmKesharwani et al.65 
Dioscorea bulbiferaLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsSilver8–20 nm Average 75 nmAhmad et al.66 
Diopyros kakiLeafTerpenoid and reducing sugarsPlatinum2–12 nmAhire et al.67 
Dioscorea oppositifoliaLeafPolyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide regionSilver14 nmSong et al.68 
Dalbergia sissoLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsGold and silver5–80 nm and 5–55 nmMaheswari et al.69 
Elettaria cardamomom MatonLeafAlcohols, carboxylic, acids, ethers, esters and aliphatic aminesSilver—Singh et al.70 
Eclipta prostrateLeafFlavones and proteinsSilver35–60 nm, triangles, pentagons, hexagonsGnanajobitha et al.71 
Euphorbiaceae latexLeafFlavonoids, proteins and terpenoidsCopper/silver18 nm silver and 10·5 nm copperRajakumar and Rahuman,72 Patil et al.73 
Emblica officinalisLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsSilver and gold10–20 nm and 15–25 nmValodkar et al.74 
Euphorbia hirtaLeafFlavonoidsSilver—Ankamwar et al.75 
Eucalyptus hybrid leafLeafFlavanoid and terpenoidSilver50–150 nm; sphericalElumalai et al.76 
Ficus benghalensisLeafPolyphenolsSilver16 nmDubey et al.77 
GeraniumLeafPhenolicsSilver16–40 nm; quasilinear superstructureJegadeeswaran et al.78 
Gliricidia speiumLeafPolyphenols or flavonoidsSilver10–50 nm; sphericalShankar et al.79 
Gardenia jasminoides EllisLeafGeniposide, chlorogenic acid, crocins and crocetinPalladium3–5 nmRaut et al.80 
Glycyrrhiza glabraLeafFlavonoids, terpenoid, thiamineSilver20 nmJia et al.81 
Hibiscus cannabinusLeafAscorbic acidSilver9 nmDinesh et al.82 
Hydrilla verticilataLeafProteinsSilver65, 55 nmBindhu and Umadevi83 
Humulus lupulusLeafTerpenoidGold—Sable et al.84 
HennaLeafAlkaloids, flavonoidsGold, silver21, 39 nmRai et al.85 
Hibiscus rosa-sinensisLeafPolyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide regionSilver4 nm; sphericalKasthuri et al.86 
Ipomea carneaLeafPolyphenols and hydroxyl groupsSilver30–130 nmPhilip87 
Jatropha curcasLeafCurcacycline A (an octapeptide), curcacycline B (a non-apeptide), curcain (an enzyme)Zinc sulfide, lead10 nm; 10–12·5 nmDaniel et al.,88 Bar et al.89 
Justicia gendarussaLeafPolyphenol and flavonoidsGold27 nmHudlikar et al.90 
Lantana camara L.LeafCarbohydrates, glycosides and flavonoidsSilver12·55 nmFazaludeen et al.91 
Leonuri herba L.LeafPolyphenols and hydroxyl groupsSilver9·9–13·0 nmSivakumar et al.92 
Lxora coccineaLeafAlcohols, carboxylic, acids, ethers, esters and aliphatic aminesSilver13–57 nm; sphericalIm et al.93 
Mentha pipertiaLeafMentholSilver, gold5–150 nm; sphericalKaruppiah and Rajmohan94 
Musa paradisiacalLeafProteinsSilver20 nmMubarakAli et al.95 
Macrotyloma uniflorumLeafPolyphenols with aromatic ring and bound amide regionGold14–17 nmBankar et al.96 
Mirabilis jalapaLeafPolyolsGold100 nmAromal et al.97 
Morinda pubescens L.LeafHydroxyflavones, catechinsSilver25–50 nmVankar and Bajpai98 
Medicago sativaLeafAlcohols, carboxylic, acids, ethers, esters and aliphatic aminesSilver2–20 nmJancy and Inbathamizh99 
MemecyloneduleLeafWater-soluble carbohydratesSilver and gold5–55, 50–90 nmMubarakAli et al.95 
Morinda citrifoliaLeafPhenolic compounds alcohols, phenols and proteinsSilver32–55 nm, ovalParashar et al.100 
Nerium indicumLeafPolyphenols and hydroxyl groupsSilver—Ankamwar et al.75 
Nicotiana tabaccumLeafProteins and amino acidsSilver8 nmSuman et al.101 
Nelumbo nuciferaLeafProtein and enzymesSilver25–80 nm; spherical triangularPrasad et al.102 
Ocimum sanctum L.LeafPhenolic and flavanoid compounds, proteins, ascorbic acid, gallic acid and terpenoidsSilver, gold, platinumApproximately 10, 4–30, 23 nmSanthoshkumar et al.,103 Ahmad et al.,104 Ramteke et al.105 
Parthenium hysterophorousLeafHydroxyflavones and catechinSilver10 nmSoundarrajan et al.106 
Pedilanthus tithymaloidesLeafProtein and enzymesSilver15–30 nmAshok Kumar107 
Pipper betle L.LeafProteinsSilver3–37 nmAbbasi108 
Piper nigrum L.LeafProteinsSilver5–50 nmKoduru et al.109 
Plumeria rubra L.LeafProteinsSilver32–220 nmGarg110 
Parthenium leafLeafFlavones and anthocyaninsGold50 nm; face-centered cubicPatil et al.111 
Pelargonium graveolensLeafPhenolic and flavanoid compounds, proteins, ascorbic acid, gallic acid and terpenoidsSilver16–40 nmParashar et al.112 
Phyllanthus maderaspatensisLeafProteins, flavones and terpenoidsSilver30–130 nmShankar et al.113 
Rosa rugosaLeafAmines, alcoholsSilver, gold30–60 nm silver; 50–250 nm goldAnnamalai et al.114 
Sesuvium portulacastrum L.LeafProteins, flavones and terpenoidsSilver5–20 nmDubey et al.115 
Solanum xanthocarpum L.LeafPhenolics, alkaloids and sugarSilver10 nmNabikhan et al.116 
Sorghum bicolor MoenchLeafPolyphenolsSilver, iron10 nm, 50 nmAmin et al.117 
SoybeanLeafProteins and amino acidsLeadApproximately 15 nmNjagi et al.118 
Swietenia mahoganiLeafPolyhydroxy limonoidsSilver, gold and bimetallic alloy gold–silver—Petla et al.119 
Syzgium aromaticumLeafFlavonoidsGold5–100 nmMondal et al.120 
Sesbania drummondiiLeafProteins and amino acidsGold6–20 nmRaghunandan et al.121 
Syzgium cuminiLeafFlavonoidsSilver100–160 nmNabikhan et al.116 
Syzgium cuminiBarkProteins, flavones and terpenoidsSilver20–60 nmPrasad and Swamy122 
Santalum albumLeafHydroxyflavones and catechinsSilver80–200 nmPrasad and Swamy123 
Sorghum bicolorLeafHydroxyflavonesSilver and iron—Swamy and Prasad124 
Salanum torvumLeafPhenolic and flavanoid compounds, proteins, ascorbic acid, gallic acid and terpenoidsSilver5–50 nm; sphericalNjagi et al.118 
Saraca asocaLeafHydroxyflavones and catechinsSilver87–102 nm, irregularRamamurthy et al.125 
Terminalia catappa L.LeafHydrolyzable tanninsGold10–35 nmSuman et al.101 
Trianthema decandraLeafHydroxyflavones and catechinsSilver10–50 nmAnkamwar126 
Tridax procumbens L.LeafWater-soluble carbohydratesCopper peroxide—Geethalakshmi and Sarada127 
Tanacetum vulgareLeafHydrolysable tanninsSilver, gold16 nm silver, 11 nm goldAnnamalai et al.114 
Trapa bispinosaLeaf Silver—Gopalakrishnan et al.128 
Tamarindus indicaLeafProtein and enzymesGold20–40 nmPandey et al.129 
Vitus vinifera L.LeafFlavones and anthocyaninsLead661 nmPavani et al.130 
Vitex negundoLeafFlavonoidsGold10–30 nm; face-centered cubicZargar et al.131 
Zingiber officinaleLeafAlkanoids, flavonoidsSilver, gold10 nmSingh et al.132 
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