Structural model results
| Total | Abusive | Exploitative | Organization | Laissez-faire | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | f2 | β | f2 | β | f2 | β | f2 | β | f2 | |
| Gender→CR | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.16 | 0.03 | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Age→CR | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| DL→CR | 0.13* | 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.28* | 0.07 | 0.22* | 0.05 |
| CP→CR | 0.23*** | 0.05 | 0.25* | 0.07 | 0.25† | 0.06 | 0.23* | 0.06 | 0.24* | 0.06 |
| SP→CR | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.32* | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0.03 |
| NA→CR | −0.20** | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0.03 | −0.19 | 0.04 | −0.24* | 0.06 |
| PA→CR | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.13 | 0.02 |
| R2 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.28 | |||||
| Q2 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | |||||
| Gender→DR | −0.10† | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.19† | 0.05 | −0.11 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.00 |
| Age→DR | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| DL→DR | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| CP→DR | −0.20*** | 0.04 | −0.29* | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.00 | −0.42*** | 0.16 |
| SP→DR | −0.12† | 0.00 | −0.25 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.01 | −0.42*** | 0.19 | −0.15 | 0.02 |
| NA→DR | 0.15* | 0.02 | −0.16 | 0.02 | 0.48*** | 0.24 | 0.21† | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
| PA→DR | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.06 |
| R2 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.19 | |||||
| Q2 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.01 | |||||
| Total | Abusive | Exploitative | Organization | Laissez-faire | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender→CR | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.16 | 0.03 | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Age→CR | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| DL→CR | 0.13* | 0.02 | −0.10 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.28* | 0.07 | 0.22* | 0.05 |
| CP→CR | 0.23*** | 0.05 | 0.25* | 0.07 | 0.25† | 0.06 | 0.23* | 0.06 | 0.24* | 0.06 |
| SP→CR | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.32* | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 | −0.17 | 0.03 |
| NA→CR | −0.20** | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.00 | −0.18 | 0.03 | −0.19 | 0.04 | −0.24* | 0.06 |
| PA→CR | 0.01 | 0.00 | −0.05 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.13 | 0.02 |
| 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.28 | ||||||
| 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Gender→DR | −0.10† | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.01 | −0.19† | 0.05 | −0.11 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 0.00 |
| Age→DR | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| DL→DR | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| CP→DR | −0.20*** | 0.04 | −0.29* | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.00 | −0.42*** | 0.16 |
| SP→DR | −0.12† | 0.00 | −0.25 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.01 | −0.42*** | 0.19 | −0.15 | 0.02 |
| NA→DR | 0.15* | 0.02 | −0.16 | 0.02 | 0.48*** | 0.24 | 0.21† | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
| PA→DR | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.03 | −0.10 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.06 |
| 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.19 | ||||||
| 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.01 | ||||||
Note(s): †<0.10;*p < 0.05;**p < 0.01;***p < 0.001
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