Table I General characteristics and...

Table I

General characteristics and reproductive information of 238 respondents regarding ECPs use

	Total		ECPs use (n (%))
Characteristics	No.	%	Used	Never used	p-value	OR (95% CI)
Total	238	100.0	27 (11.3)	211 (88.7)
Age (years)
18–29	133	55.9	17 (12.8)	116 (87.2)	0.433	1.39 (0.61–3.18)
30–49	105	44.1	10 (9.5)	95 (90.5)		Ref
Mean±SD=29.09±8.041, Min.–Max.=18–49
Race
Bamar	193	81.1	23 (11.9)	170 (88.1)	0.566	1.39 (0.46–4.23)
Others	45	18.9	4 (8.9)	41 (91.1)		Ref
Religion
Buddhist	207	87.0	21 (10.1)	186 (89.9)	0.139	0.47 (0.17–1.28)
Other	31	13.0	6 (19.4)	25 (80.6)		Ref
Occupation
Employed	157	66.0	15 (9.6)	142 (90.4)	0.229	0.61 (0.27–1.37)
Unemployed	81	34.0	12 (14.8)	69 (85.2)		Ref
Education
University and higher	66	27.7	13 (19.7)	53 (80.3)	0.015	2.77 (1.22–6.26)
High school and lower	172	72.3	14 (8.1)	158 (91.9)		Ref
Marital status
Married	144	60.5	20 (13.9)	124 (86.1)	0.131	2.01 (0.81–4.95)
Never married	94	39.5	7 (7.4)	87 (92.6)		Ref
Monthly family income
⩾250,000 Kyats (⩾US$185)	114	47.9	20 (17.5)	94 (82.5)	0.006	3.56 (1.44–8.77)
<50,000 Kyats (<US$185)	124	52.1	7 (5.6)	117 (94.4)		Ref
Median=250,000, Mode=300,000, Min.–Max.=50,000–600,000
Financial status
Enough income	157	66.0	20 (12.7)	137 (87.3)	0.348	1.54 (0.62–3.82)
Not enough income	81	34.0	7 (8.6)	74 (91.4)		Ref
Age at first sex^a
⩾20	106	69.3	21 (19.8)	85 (80.2)	0.170	2.08 (0.73–5.89)
<20	47	30.7	5 (10.6)	42 (89.4)		Ref
Mean±SD=21.69±3.924, Min.–Max.=13–32
The average frequency of sex in one month^a
<10	85	55.6	20 (23.5)	65 (76.5)	0.020	3.18 (1.20–8.44)
⩾10	68	44.4	6 (8.1)	62 (91.2)		Ref
Mean±SD=9.4±6.6, Min.–Max.= 0–31
Types of contraceptives used^a
Condom
Yes	26	17.0	11 (42.3)	15 (57.7)	<0.01	5.48 (2.13–4.11)
No	127	83.0	15 (11.8)	112 (88.2)		Ref
Experience of pregnancy^a
No	40	26.1	17 (42.5)	23 (57.5)	<0.01	8.54 (3.39–21.56)
Yes	113	73.9	9 (8.0)	104 (92.0)		Ref

Knowledge
Good (⩾6)	97	40.8	19 (19.6)	78 (80.4)	0.002	4.05 (1.69–9.69)
Poor (<6)	141	59.2	8 (5.7)	133 (94.3)		Ref
Mean±SD=4.74±2.78, Min.–Max.=0–11
Attitude
Positive (⩾34)	89	37.4	13 (14.6)	76 (85.4)	0.223	1.65 (0.74–3.69)
Negative (<34)	149	62.6	14 (9.4)	135 (90.6)		Ref
Mean±SD=31.95±5.17, Min.–Max.=20–42
Social support
Good (⩾28)	34	14.3	6 (17.6)	28 (82.4)	0.217	1.87 (0.69–5.03)
Low (<28)	204	85.7	21 (10.3)	183 (89.7)		Ref
Mean±SD=14.88±11.7, Min.–Max.=0–46
Cultural acceptance
Yes	157	66.0	21 (13.4)	136 (86.6)	0.175	1.93 (0.75–4.99)
No	81	34.0	6 (7.4)	75 (92.6)		Ref
Religious acceptance
Yes	166	69.7	19 (11.4)	147 (88.6)	0.940	1.03 (0.43–2.49)
No	72	30.3	8 (11.1)	64 (88.9)		Ref
Availability
Available ECPs services as the respondents knew^b
>2 places	63	28.0	8 (12.7)	55 (87.3)	0.841	1.10 (0.45–2.65)
⩽2 places	162	72.0	19 (11.7)	143 (88.3)		Ref
Opening days/hours of available places
Open on holidays^b
Yes	86	38.2	20 (23.3)	66 (76.7)	<0.01	5.71 (2.30–14.20)
No	139	61.8	7 (5.0)	132 (95.0)		Ref
Open 24 hours^b
Yes	52	23.1	13 (25.0)	39 (75.0)	0.002	3.79 (1.65–8.70)
No	173	76.9	14 (8.1)	159 (91.1)		Ref
Accessibility
Mode of transportation^b
By foot	51	22.7	11 (21.6)	40 (78.4)	0.020	2.72 (1.17–6.31)
Not by foot	174	77.3	16 (9.2)	158 (90.8)		Ref
The convenience of traveling^b
Very convenient	39	17.3	5 (12.8)	34 (87.2)	0.862	1.10 (0.39–3.10)
Moderately convenient and difficult	186	82.7	22 (11.8)	164 (88.2)		Ref
Travel time^b
<15 min	108	48.0	12 (11.1)	96 (88.9)	0.694	0.85 (0.38–1.91)
⩾15 min	117	52.0	15 (12.8)	102 (87.2)		Ref
Affordability
Free of charge
Yes	19	8.0	4 (21.1)	15 (78.9)	0.174	2.27 (0.70–7.43)
No/do not know	219	82.0	23 (10.5)	196 (89.5)		Ref
Being affordable
Yes	202	84.9	23 (11.4)	179 (88.6)	0.962	1.03 (0.33–3.17)
No	36	15.1	4 (11.1)	32 (88.9)		Ref

	Total		ECPs use (n (%))
Characteristics	No.	%	Used	Never used	p-value	OR (95% CI)
Total	238	100.0	27 (11.3)	211 (88.7)
Age (years)
18–29	133	55.9	17 (12.8)	116 (87.2)	0.433	1.39 (0.61–3.18)
30–49	105	44.1	10 (9.5)	95 (90.5)		Ref
Mean±SD=29.09±8.041, Min.–Max.=18–49
Race
Bamar	193	81.1	23 (11.9)	170 (88.1)	0.566	1.39 (0.46–4.23)
Others	45	18.9	4 (8.9)	41 (91.1)		Ref
Religion
Buddhist	207	87.0	21 (10.1)	186 (89.9)	0.139	0.47 (0.17–1.28)
Other	31	13.0	6 (19.4)	25 (80.6)		Ref
Occupation
Employed	157	66.0	15 (9.6)	142 (90.4)	0.229	0.61 (0.27–1.37)
Unemployed	81	34.0	12 (14.8)	69 (85.2)		Ref
Education
University and higher	66	27.7	13 (19.7)	53 (80.3)	0.015	2.77 (1.22–6.26)
High school and lower	172	72.3	14 (8.1)	158 (91.9)		Ref
Marital status
Married	144	60.5	20 (13.9)	124 (86.1)	0.131	2.01 (0.81–4.95)
Never married	94	39.5	7 (7.4)	87 (92.6)		Ref
Monthly family income
⩾250,000 Kyats (⩾US$185)	114	47.9	20 (17.5)	94 (82.5)	0.006	3.56 (1.44–8.77)
<50,000 Kyats (<US$185)	124	52.1	7 (5.6)	117 (94.4)		Ref
Median=250,000, Mode=300,000, Min.–Max.=50,000–600,000
Financial status
Enough income	157	66.0	20 (12.7)	137 (87.3)	0.348	1.54 (0.62–3.82)
Not enough income	81	34.0	7 (8.6)	74 (91.4)		Ref
Age at first sex^a
⩾20	106	69.3	21 (19.8)	85 (80.2)	0.170	2.08 (0.73–5.89)
<20	47	30.7	5 (10.6)	42 (89.4)		Ref
Mean±SD=21.69±3.924, Min.–Max.=13–32
The average frequency of sex in one month^a
<10	85	55.6	20 (23.5)	65 (76.5)	0.020	3.18 (1.20–8.44)
⩾10	68	44.4	6 (8.1)	62 (91.2)		Ref
Mean±SD=9.4±6.6, Min.–Max.= 0–31
Types of contraceptives used^a
Condom
Yes	26	17.0	11 (42.3)	15 (57.7)	<0.01	5.48 (2.13–4.11)
No	127	83.0	15 (11.8)	112 (88.2)		Ref
Experience of pregnancy^a
No	40	26.1	17 (42.5)	23 (57.5)	<0.01	8.54 (3.39–21.56)
Yes	113	73.9	9 (8.0)	104 (92.0)		Ref

Knowledge
Good (⩾6)	97	40.8	19 (19.6)	78 (80.4)	0.002	4.05 (1.69–9.69)
Poor (<6)	141	59.2	8 (5.7)	133 (94.3)		Ref
Mean±SD=4.74±2.78, Min.–Max.=0–11
Attitude
Positive (⩾34)	89	37.4	13 (14.6)	76 (85.4)	0.223	1.65 (0.74–3.69)
Negative (<34)	149	62.6	14 (9.4)	135 (90.6)		Ref
Mean±SD=31.95±5.17, Min.–Max.=20–42
Social support
Good (⩾28)	34	14.3	6 (17.6)	28 (82.4)	0.217	1.87 (0.69–5.03)
Low (<28)	204	85.7	21 (10.3)	183 (89.7)		Ref
Mean±SD=14.88±11.7, Min.–Max.=0–46
Cultural acceptance
Yes	157	66.0	21 (13.4)	136 (86.6)	0.175	1.93 (0.75–4.99)
No	81	34.0	6 (7.4)	75 (92.6)		Ref
Religious acceptance
Yes	166	69.7	19 (11.4)	147 (88.6)	0.940	1.03 (0.43–2.49)
No	72	30.3	8 (11.1)	64 (88.9)		Ref
Availability
Available ECPs services as the respondents knew^b
>2 places	63	28.0	8 (12.7)	55 (87.3)	0.841	1.10 (0.45–2.65)
⩽2 places	162	72.0	19 (11.7)	143 (88.3)		Ref
Opening days/hours of available places
Open on holidays^b
Yes	86	38.2	20 (23.3)	66 (76.7)	<0.01	5.71 (2.30–14.20)
No	139	61.8	7 (5.0)	132 (95.0)		Ref
Open 24 hours^b
Yes	52	23.1	13 (25.0)	39 (75.0)	0.002	3.79 (1.65–8.70)
No	173	76.9	14 (8.1)	159 (91.1)		Ref
Accessibility
Mode of transportation^b
By foot	51	22.7	11 (21.6)	40 (78.4)	0.020	2.72 (1.17–6.31)
Not by foot	174	77.3	16 (9.2)	158 (90.8)		Ref
The convenience of traveling^b
Very convenient	39	17.3	5 (12.8)	34 (87.2)	0.862	1.10 (0.39–3.10)
Moderately convenient and difficult	186	82.7	22 (11.8)	164 (88.2)		Ref
Travel time^b
<15 min	108	48.0	12 (11.1)	96 (88.9)	0.694	0.85 (0.38–1.91)
⩾15 min	117	52.0	15 (12.8)	102 (87.2)		Ref
Affordability
Free of charge
Yes	19	8.0	4 (21.1)	15 (78.9)	0.174	2.27 (0.70–7.43)
No/do not know	219	82.0	23 (10.5)	196 (89.5)		Ref
Being affordable
Yes	202	84.9	23 (11.4)	179 (88.6)	0.962	1.03 (0.33–3.17)
No	36	15.1	4 (11.1)	32 (88.9)		Ref

Notes: ^aAmong 153 participants with a history of sexual activity; ^bAmong 225 participants who responded that ECPs were available

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