Prevalence (in percentage) of caesarean deliveries by selected background characteristics, Karnataka, DLHS-4, 2012–2013
| Type of delivery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Normal | Caesarean | p-valuec | Total births (n) |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 82.6 | 17.4 | <0.001 | 7,614 |
| Urban | 70.5 | 29.5 | 4,892 | |
| Age of woman at birth (yrs) | ||||
| ⩽19 | 83.1 | 16.9 | <0.001 | 1,576 |
| 20–24 | 80.5 | 19.5 | 5,869 | |
| 25–29 | 74.2 | 25.8 | 3,689 | |
| ⩾30 | 70.8 | 29.2 | 1,370 | |
| Birth weight (kg) | ||||
| <3 | 76.5 | 23.5 | 0.030 | 5,367 |
| ⩾3 | 74.9 | 25.1 | 5,775 | |
| Birth order | ||||
| First | 69.3 | 30.7 | <0.001 | 4,499 |
| Second | 77.4 | 22.6 | 4,593 | |
| Third or more | 90.2 | 9.8 | 3,322 | |
| Multiple births | ||||
| No | 78.1 | 21.9 | <0.001 | 12,379 |
| Yes | 56.7 | 43.3 | 125 | |
| Institution | ||||
| Public | 85.2 | 14.8 | <0.001 | 6,505 |
| Private | 61.0 | 39.0 | 4,617 | |
| Others | 99.9 | 0.1 | 1,383 | |
| Maternal education | ||||
| No schooling | 91.5 | 8.5 | <0.001 | 2,577 |
| Primary | 83.8 | 16.2 | 2,551 | |
| Middle | 79.9 | 20.1 | 1,871 | |
| Secondary | 73.1 | 26.9 | 2,840 | |
| College level | 62.3 | 37.7 | 2,636 | |
| Castea | ||||
| SCs | 83.9 | 16.1 | <0.001 | 2,461 |
| STs | 84.6 | 15.4 | 1,304 | |
| OBCs | 76.5 | 23.5 | 6,376 | |
| others | 70.5 | 29.5 | 1,748 | |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 78.3 | 21.7 | 0.016 | 10,039 |
| Muslim | 77.0 | 23.0 | 2,247 | |
| Others | 69.8 | 30.2 | 216 | |
| BPL cardholderb | ||||
| Yes | 80.6 | 19.4 | <0.001 | 8,089 |
| No | 73.0 | 27.0 | 4,411 | |
| State average | 77.9 | 22.1 | 12,506 | |
| Type of delivery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Normal | Caesarean | Total births ( | |
| Rural | 82.6 | 17.4 | <0.001 | 7,614 |
| Urban | 70.5 | 29.5 | 4,892 | |
| ⩽19 | 83.1 | 16.9 | <0.001 | 1,576 |
| 20–24 | 80.5 | 19.5 | 5,869 | |
| 25–29 | 74.2 | 25.8 | 3,689 | |
| ⩾30 | 70.8 | 29.2 | 1,370 | |
| <3 | 76.5 | 23.5 | 0.030 | 5,367 |
| ⩾3 | 74.9 | 25.1 | 5,775 | |
| First | 69.3 | 30.7 | <0.001 | 4,499 |
| Second | 77.4 | 22.6 | 4,593 | |
| Third or more | 90.2 | 9.8 | 3,322 | |
| No | 78.1 | 21.9 | <0.001 | 12,379 |
| Yes | 56.7 | 43.3 | 125 | |
| Public | 85.2 | 14.8 | <0.001 | 6,505 |
| Private | 61.0 | 39.0 | 4,617 | |
| Others | 99.9 | 0.1 | 1,383 | |
| No schooling | 91.5 | 8.5 | <0.001 | 2,577 |
| Primary | 83.8 | 16.2 | 2,551 | |
| Middle | 79.9 | 20.1 | 1,871 | |
| Secondary | 73.1 | 26.9 | 2,840 | |
| College level | 62.3 | 37.7 | 2,636 | |
| SCs | 83.9 | 16.1 | <0.001 | 2,461 |
| STs | 84.6 | 15.4 | 1,304 | |
| OBCs | 76.5 | 23.5 | 6,376 | |
| others | 70.5 | 29.5 | 1,748 | |
| Hindu | 78.3 | 21.7 | 0.016 | 10,039 |
| Muslim | 77.0 | 23.0 | 2,247 | |
| Others | 69.8 | 30.2 | 216 | |
| Yes | 80.6 | 19.4 | <0.001 | 8,089 |
| No | 73.0 | 27.0 | 4,411 | |
| State average | 77.9 | 22.1 | 12,506 | |
Notes: n = un-weighted cases, figures may not add up to total due to missing cases; all data are weighted using sampling weights provided by the DLHS 4th round. aThe scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) are the official designations given to various groups of historically marginalized people, recognized in the Constitution of India: in the British era, they were known as the depressed classes, while in present days, the SCs and STs are sometimes referred to as “Dalits” and “Adivasis” (i.e. traditional forest dwellers), respectively, and the SCs comprise about 16.6 percent and STs 8.6 percent of India’s population[29]; bBPL is below poverty line; cp-value represents the significance level estimated from the χ2 test. OBCs represent other backward classes
Source: Computed from unit level data of DLHS-4
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