Table IV Logistic regression results;...

Table IV

Logistic regression results; likelihood estimates of caesarean deliveries for “all births” in Karnataka, DLHS-4, 2012–2013

Characteristics	OR	SE	95% CI
Residence
Rural [ref.]	1
Urban	1.141*	0.065	[1.020, 1.275]
Age of woman at birth (yrs)
⩽19 [ref.]	1
20–24	1.182	0.106	[0.991, 1.409]
25–29	1.777***	0.172	[1.469, 2.148]
⩾30	2.436***	0.287	[1.934, 3.068]
Birth weight (kg)
<3 [ref.]	1
⩾3	1.139**	0.060	[1.028, 1.262]
Birth order
First [ref.]	1
Second	0.648***	0.038	[0.577, 0.726]
Third or more	0.326***	0.029	[0.274, 0.388]
Multiple births
No [ref.]	1
Yes	3.079***	0.747	[1.913, 4.954]
Institution
Public [ref.]	1
Private	2.694***	0.152	[2.411, 3.010]
Maternal education
No schooling [ref.]	1
Primary	1.714	1.132	[0.469, 6.258]
Middle	2.006	1.326	[0.549, 7.328]
Secondary	2.302	1.519	[0.632, 8.388]
College level	2.441	1.611	[0.669, 8.899]
Caste^a
SCs [ref.]	1
STs	1.075	0.125	[0.856, 1.351]
OBCs	1.056	0.081	[0.908, 1.228]
Others	1.164	0.107	[0.971, 1.395]
Religion
Hindu [ref.]	1
Muslim	0.918	0.069	[0.793, 1.064]
Others	0.899	0.160	[0.634, 1.275]
BPL cardholder^b
Yes [ref.]	1
No	0.926	0.052	[0.829, 1.035]

Characteristics	OR	SE	95% CI
Residence
Rural [ref.]	1
Urban	1.141*	0.065	[1.020, 1.275]
Age of woman at birth (yrs)
⩽19 [ref.]	1
20–24	1.182	0.106	[0.991, 1.409]
25–29	1.777***	0.172	[1.469, 2.148]
⩾30	2.436***	0.287	[1.934, 3.068]
Birth weight (kg)
<3 [ref.]	1
⩾3	1.139**	0.060	[1.028, 1.262]
Birth order
First [ref.]	1
Second	0.648***	0.038	[0.577, 0.726]
Third or more	0.326***	0.029	[0.274, 0.388]
Multiple births
No [ref.]	1
Yes	3.079***	0.747	[1.913, 4.954]
Institution
Public [ref.]	1
Private	2.694***	0.152	[2.411, 3.010]
Maternal education
No schooling [ref.]	1
Primary	1.714	1.132	[0.469, 6.258]
Middle	2.006	1.326	[0.549, 7.328]
Secondary	2.302	1.519	[0.632, 8.388]
College level	2.441	1.611	[0.669, 8.899]
Caste^a
SCs [ref.]	1
STs	1.075	0.125	[0.856, 1.351]
OBCs	1.056	0.081	[0.908, 1.228]
Others	1.164	0.107	[0.971, 1.395]
Religion
Hindu [ref.]	1
Muslim	0.918	0.069	[0.793, 1.064]
Others	0.899	0.160	[0.634, 1.275]
BPL cardholder^b
Yes [ref.]	1
No	0.926	0.052	[0.829, 1.035]

Notes: n = 8,301. ^aThe scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs) are the official designations given to various groups of historically marginalized people, recognized in the Constitution of India: in the British era, they were known as the depressed classes, while in present days, the SCs and STs are sometimes referred to as “Dalits” and “Adivasis” (i.e. traditional forest dwellers), respectively, and the SCs comprise about 16.6 percent and STs 8.6 percent of India’s population[29]; ^bBPL is below poverty line. OBCs represents other backward classes. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; [ref.], reference category. Log-likelihood = −4,456.328; Pseudo R² = 0.0925; constant = 0.09. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

Source: Computed from unit level data of DLHS-4

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