Comparison of three models
| Trading environment | Management mode | Supply chain | |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | Contract or commitment | 1. Strict employee management 2. Small power of employee | 1. Agglomerated cluster 2. Mostly SMEs |
| USA | Contract | 1. Common interest of enterprise and employee 2. Autonomy of employee | 1. Strategic partnership 2. Management outsourcing |
| Japan | Commitment | 1. Enterprise culture acknowledgment 2. Family-run management | 1. Large enterprise domination 2. Closed-loop industry |
| Trading environment | Management mode | Supply chain | |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | Contract or commitment | 1. Strict employee management | 1. Agglomerated cluster |
| USA | Contract | 1. Common interest of enterprise and employee | 1. Strategic partnership |
| Japan | Commitment | 1. Enterprise culture acknowledgment | 1. Large enterprise domination |
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