Table II Bivariate analysis of factors...

Table II

Bivariate analysis of factors associated with married women’s acceptance of domestic physical violence justifications perpetrated by the husband in Indonesia

	Acceptance 1		Acceptance 2		Acceptance 3		Acceptance 4		Acceptance 5		Acceptance 6
Variables	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)
Women
Age (years)	χ²=488.09***		χ²=763.93***		χ² =89.91***		χ² =92.15***		χ² =27.05*		χ² =758.43***
15–19	68.72	31.28	67.61	32.39	90.88	9.12	89.27	10.73	95.87	4.13	60.13	39.87
20–24	72.84	27.16	70.00	30.00	93.25	6.75	91.42	8.58	96.88	3.12	63.02	36.98
25–29	75.50	24.50	72.52	27.48	94.19	5.81	92.23	7.77	97.20	2.80	66.49	33.51
30–34	77.72	22.28	76.45	23.55	94.74	5.26	92.61	7.39	97.49	2.51	70.21	29.79
35–39	79.08	20.92	77.70	22.30	94.45	5.55	92.53	7.47	97.28	2.72	71.46	28.54
40–44	80.46	19.54	79.76	20.24	94.78	5.22	93.02	6.98	97.30	2.70	73.78	26.22
45–49	81.30	18.70	81.39	18.61	94.24	5.76	93.75	6.25	97.29	2.71	75.45	24.55
Educational attainment	χ²=489.56***		χ²=399.81***		χ² =401.71***		χ² =199.24***		χ² =269.49***		χ² =533.42***
No education	79.41	20.59	80.54	19.46	90.45	9.55	91.86	8.14	96.11	3.89	74.11	25.89
Incomplete primary	77.02	22.98	76.26	23.74	92.82	7.18	91.39	8.61	95.96	4.04	69.88	30.12
Completed primary	76.44	23.56	75.29	24.71	93.79	6.21	91.67	8.33	96.76	3.24	68.66	31.34
Incomplete secondary	74.25	25.75	72.51	27.49	94.28	5.72	92.25	7.75	97.68	2.32	65.55	34.45
Completed secondary	79.81	20.19	77.09	22.91	96.02	3.98	94.08	5.92	98.15	1.85	71.50	28.50
Higher	86.14	13.86	83.26	16.74	97.08	2.92	95.34	4.66	98.89	1.11	79.23	20.77
Child marriage status	χ²=122.93***		χ² =19.76**		χ² =94.83***		χ² =114.79***		χ² =52.90***		χ² =49.45***
No (⩾18 years old)	78.79	21.21	76.59	23.41	94.80	5.20	93.22	6.78	97.52	2.48	70.67	29.33
Yes (<18 years old)	75.60	24.40	75.28	24.72	93.23	6.77	91.26	8.74	96.69	3.31	68.44	31.56
Occupational status	χ²=6.19		χ² =11.44*		χ² =39.54***		χ² =27.30**		χ² =36.86***		χ² =25.78**
Unemployed	78.04	21.96	76.68	23.32	94.81	5.19	93.05	6.95	97.61	2.39	70.78	29.22
Employed	77.34	22.66	75.70	24.30	93.82	6.18	92.12	7.88	96.94	3.06	69.21	30.79
Husband
Age	χ²=41.24***		χ² =25.61**		χ² =2.17		χ² =19.25*		χ² =7.78		χ² =37.58**
⩽ Wife’s age	79.47	20.53	77.48	22.52	94.47	5.53	93.45	6.55	97.44	2.56	71.60	28.40
1–5 years older	77.59	22.41	75.92	24.08	94.15	5.85	92.40	7.60	97.26	2.74	69.68	30.32
6–10 years older	76.57	23.43	75.39	24.61	94.30	5.70	92.36	7.64	97.18	2.82	68.83	31.17
> 10 years older	78.16	21.84	77.12	22.88	94.12	5.88	92.14	7.86	96.83	3.17	71.14	28.86
Educational attainment	χ²=324.54***		χ² =284.41***		χ² =274.15***		χ² =214.75***		χ² =190.19***		χ² =376.94***
No education	77.19	22.81	77.11	22.89	89.99	10.01	91.86	8.14	96.20	3.80	71.13	28.87
Incomplete primary	76.77	23.23	76.03	23.97	93.11	6.89	91.34	8.66	96.24	3.76	69.28	30.25
Completed primary	76.80	23.30	75.96	24.04	93.85	6.15	91.66	8.34	96.85	3.15	69.28	30.72
Incomplete secondary	75.30	24.70	72.94	27.06	94.07	5.93	92.00	8.00	97.14	2.86	66.35	33.65
Completed secondary	78.48	21.52	76.39	23.61	95.35	4.65	93.64	6.36	97.94	2.06	70.23	29.77
Higher	85.04	14.96	82.71	17.29	96.55	3.45	95.68	4.32	98.82	1.18	78.39	21.61
Occupational status	χ²=8.56		χ² =11.82*		χ² =6.24		χ² =0.003		χ² =15.87*		χ² =6.42
Unemployed	80.18	19.82	79.19	20.81	93.01	6.99	92.53	7.47	95.85	4.15	72.30	27.70
Employed	77.56	22.44	76.03	23.97	94.26	5.74	92.50	7.50	97.25	2.75	69.80	30.20
Household
Number of living children	χ²=5.63		χ² =31.42**		χ² =95.12***		χ² =43.27***		χ² =61.38***		χ² =20.07*
No children	76.62	23.38	75.02	24.98	93.85	6.15	92.43	7.57	97.06	2.94	68.61	31.39
1–2 children	77.69	22.31	75.65	24.35	94.73	5.27	92.87	7.13	97.51	2.49	69.58	30.42
3–5 children	77.84	22.16	77.26	22.74	93.80	6.20	92.15	7.85	96.94	3.06	70.80	29.20
> 5 children	77.10	22.90	75.85	24.15	91.25	8.75	90.19	9.81	95.59	4.41	69.07	30.93
Wealth index	χ²=991.33***		χ² =948.48***		χ² =1,152.67***		χ² =584.31***		χ² =810.05***		χ² =1,106.15***
Poorest	71.81	28.19	69.83	30.17	89.56	10.44	89.43	10.57	94.39	5.61	62.92	37.08
Poorer	74.06	25.94	73.32	26.68	93.25	6.75	91.03	8.97	96.83	3.17	66.25	33.75
Middle	77.20	22.80	75.74	24.26	94.44	5.56	92.26	7.74	97.31	2.69	69.24	30.76
Richer	80.34	19.66	78.24	21.76	96.31	3.69	94.02	5.98	98.39	1.61	72.47	27.53
Richest	84.16	15.84	82.84	17.16	97.18	2.82	95.48	4.52	98.94	1.06	77.78	22.22
Residential type	χ²=710.11***		χ² =559.37***		χ² =471.75***		χ² =383.40***		χ² =343.20***		χ² =697.79***
Urban	81.66	18.34	79.78	20.22	96.07	3.93	94.38	5.62	98.33	1.67	74.27	25.73
Rural	74.24	25.76	73.03	26.97	92.68	7.32	90.93	9.07	96.29	3.71	66.16	33.84
Region	χ²=1,321***		χ² =1,546.35***		χ² =2,596.51***		χ² =944.68***		χ² =1,045.32***		χ² =1,570.30***
Java	81.24	18.76	80.29	19.71	96.41	3.59	94.20	5.80	98.44	1.56	74.45	25.55
Bali, Nusa Tenggara	63.88	36.12	62.30	37.70	80.37	19.63	83.67	16.33	92.43	7.57	56.33	43.67
Sumatera	72.81	27.19	69.68	30.32	93.08	6.92	90.13	9.87	96.13	3.87	62.63	37.37
Borneo (Kalimantan)	76.62	23.38	72.54	27.46	93.94	6.06	92.91	7.09	96.82	3.18	66.83	33.17
Sulawesi	72.38	21.62	72.37	27.63	91.45	8.55	91.20	8.80	94.22	5.78	64.93	35.07
Maluku, Papua	69.94	30.06	69.97	30.03	83.54	16.46	90.22	9.78	94.11	5.89	59.30	40.70

	Acceptance 1		Acceptance 2		Acceptance 3		Acceptance 4		Acceptance 5		Acceptance 6
Variables	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	Yes (%)
Women
Age (years)	χ²=488.09***		χ²=763.93***		χ² =89.91***		χ² =92.15***		χ² =27.05*		χ² =758.43***
15–19	68.72	31.28	67.61	32.39	90.88	9.12	89.27	10.73	95.87	4.13	60.13	39.87
20–24	72.84	27.16	70.00	30.00	93.25	6.75	91.42	8.58	96.88	3.12	63.02	36.98
25–29	75.50	24.50	72.52	27.48	94.19	5.81	92.23	7.77	97.20	2.80	66.49	33.51
30–34	77.72	22.28	76.45	23.55	94.74	5.26	92.61	7.39	97.49	2.51	70.21	29.79
35–39	79.08	20.92	77.70	22.30	94.45	5.55	92.53	7.47	97.28	2.72	71.46	28.54
40–44	80.46	19.54	79.76	20.24	94.78	5.22	93.02	6.98	97.30	2.70	73.78	26.22
45–49	81.30	18.70	81.39	18.61	94.24	5.76	93.75	6.25	97.29	2.71	75.45	24.55
Educational attainment	χ²=489.56***		χ²=399.81***		χ² =401.71***		χ² =199.24***		χ² =269.49***		χ² =533.42***
No education	79.41	20.59	80.54	19.46	90.45	9.55	91.86	8.14	96.11	3.89	74.11	25.89
Incomplete primary	77.02	22.98	76.26	23.74	92.82	7.18	91.39	8.61	95.96	4.04	69.88	30.12
Completed primary	76.44	23.56	75.29	24.71	93.79	6.21	91.67	8.33	96.76	3.24	68.66	31.34
Incomplete secondary	74.25	25.75	72.51	27.49	94.28	5.72	92.25	7.75	97.68	2.32	65.55	34.45
Completed secondary	79.81	20.19	77.09	22.91	96.02	3.98	94.08	5.92	98.15	1.85	71.50	28.50
Higher	86.14	13.86	83.26	16.74	97.08	2.92	95.34	4.66	98.89	1.11	79.23	20.77
Child marriage status	χ²=122.93***		χ² =19.76**		χ² =94.83***		χ² =114.79***		χ² =52.90***		χ² =49.45***
No (⩾18 years old)	78.79	21.21	76.59	23.41	94.80	5.20	93.22	6.78	97.52	2.48	70.67	29.33
Yes (<18 years old)	75.60	24.40	75.28	24.72	93.23	6.77	91.26	8.74	96.69	3.31	68.44	31.56
Occupational status	χ²=6.19		χ² =11.44*		χ² =39.54***		χ² =27.30**		χ² =36.86***		χ² =25.78**
Unemployed	78.04	21.96	76.68	23.32	94.81	5.19	93.05	6.95	97.61	2.39	70.78	29.22
Employed	77.34	22.66	75.70	24.30	93.82	6.18	92.12	7.88	96.94	3.06	69.21	30.79
Husband
Age	χ²=41.24***		χ² =25.61**		χ² =2.17		χ² =19.25*		χ² =7.78		χ² =37.58**
⩽ Wife’s age	79.47	20.53	77.48	22.52	94.47	5.53	93.45	6.55	97.44	2.56	71.60	28.40
1–5 years older	77.59	22.41	75.92	24.08	94.15	5.85	92.40	7.60	97.26	2.74	69.68	30.32
6–10 years older	76.57	23.43	75.39	24.61	94.30	5.70	92.36	7.64	97.18	2.82	68.83	31.17
> 10 years older	78.16	21.84	77.12	22.88	94.12	5.88	92.14	7.86	96.83	3.17	71.14	28.86
Educational attainment	χ²=324.54***		χ² =284.41***		χ² =274.15***		χ² =214.75***		χ² =190.19***		χ² =376.94***
No education	77.19	22.81	77.11	22.89	89.99	10.01	91.86	8.14	96.20	3.80	71.13	28.87
Incomplete primary	76.77	23.23	76.03	23.97	93.11	6.89	91.34	8.66	96.24	3.76	69.28	30.25
Completed primary	76.80	23.30	75.96	24.04	93.85	6.15	91.66	8.34	96.85	3.15	69.28	30.72
Incomplete secondary	75.30	24.70	72.94	27.06	94.07	5.93	92.00	8.00	97.14	2.86	66.35	33.65
Completed secondary	78.48	21.52	76.39	23.61	95.35	4.65	93.64	6.36	97.94	2.06	70.23	29.77
Higher	85.04	14.96	82.71	17.29	96.55	3.45	95.68	4.32	98.82	1.18	78.39	21.61
Occupational status	χ²=8.56		χ² =11.82*		χ² =6.24		χ² =0.003		χ² =15.87*		χ² =6.42
Unemployed	80.18	19.82	79.19	20.81	93.01	6.99	92.53	7.47	95.85	4.15	72.30	27.70
Employed	77.56	22.44	76.03	23.97	94.26	5.74	92.50	7.50	97.25	2.75	69.80	30.20
Household
Number of living children	χ²=5.63		χ² =31.42**		χ² =95.12***		χ² =43.27***		χ² =61.38***		χ² =20.07*
No children	76.62	23.38	75.02	24.98	93.85	6.15	92.43	7.57	97.06	2.94	68.61	31.39
1–2 children	77.69	22.31	75.65	24.35	94.73	5.27	92.87	7.13	97.51	2.49	69.58	30.42
3–5 children	77.84	22.16	77.26	22.74	93.80	6.20	92.15	7.85	96.94	3.06	70.80	29.20
> 5 children	77.10	22.90	75.85	24.15	91.25	8.75	90.19	9.81	95.59	4.41	69.07	30.93
Wealth index	χ²=991.33***		χ² =948.48***		χ² =1,152.67***		χ² =584.31***		χ² =810.05***		χ² =1,106.15***
Poorest	71.81	28.19	69.83	30.17	89.56	10.44	89.43	10.57	94.39	5.61	62.92	37.08
Poorer	74.06	25.94	73.32	26.68	93.25	6.75	91.03	8.97	96.83	3.17	66.25	33.75
Middle	77.20	22.80	75.74	24.26	94.44	5.56	92.26	7.74	97.31	2.69	69.24	30.76
Richer	80.34	19.66	78.24	21.76	96.31	3.69	94.02	5.98	98.39	1.61	72.47	27.53
Richest	84.16	15.84	82.84	17.16	97.18	2.82	95.48	4.52	98.94	1.06	77.78	22.22
Residential type	χ²=710.11***		χ² =559.37***		χ² =471.75***		χ² =383.40***		χ² =343.20***		χ² =697.79***
Urban	81.66	18.34	79.78	20.22	96.07	3.93	94.38	5.62	98.33	1.67	74.27	25.73
Rural	74.24	25.76	73.03	26.97	92.68	7.32	90.93	9.07	96.29	3.71	66.16	33.84
Region	χ²=1,321***		χ² =1,546.35***		χ² =2,596.51***		χ² =944.68***		χ² =1,045.32***		χ² =1,570.30***
Java	81.24	18.76	80.29	19.71	96.41	3.59	94.20	5.80	98.44	1.56	74.45	25.55
Bali, Nusa Tenggara	63.88	36.12	62.30	37.70	80.37	19.63	83.67	16.33	92.43	7.57	56.33	43.67
Sumatera	72.81	27.19	69.68	30.32	93.08	6.92	90.13	9.87	96.13	3.87	62.63	37.37
Borneo (Kalimantan)	76.62	23.38	72.54	27.46	93.94	6.06	92.91	7.09	96.82	3.18	66.83	33.17
Sulawesi	72.38	21.62	72.37	27.63	91.45	8.55	91.20	8.80	94.22	5.78	64.93	35.07
Maluku, Papua	69.94	30.06	69.97	30.03	83.54	16.46	90.22	9.78	94.11	5.89	59.30	40.70

Notes: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001

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