Table 1. Completed Nara grid for the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1.

Completed Nara grid for the “tower-houses” attribute in San Gimignano

Dimension
Aspects	Artistic	Historic	Scientific	Social
Form and design	Towers present local Romanesque-Gothic architecture, with arches, cornices, merlons and coats of arms. Score: 2	Towers derive from medieval fortifications, developing in height due to the rapid urbanization of the city center. Score: 3	Towers illustrate the construction abilities and the recycling attitude of the medieval period. Score: 3	A tower’s height reflected the prestige and importance of the merchant family that it belonged to and in fact, families competed to have the tallest tower. Score: 3

Material and substance	The original medieval stone masonry is visible in the massive structure of the towers. Score: 1	Some elements derived from the reuse of existing buildings, as common in medieval practice. Score: 3	High quality of stone masonry towers. Arches, vaults, and narrow windows are typical elements. Score: 3	Score: 0

Tradition, technique and workmanship	Specific expression of the ability of artisans to carve stones for these constructions. Score: 1	Ability of medieval artisans to reuse materials to raise high towers. Score: 3	Towers help to study traditional construction techniques. Score: 3	Score: 0

Location and setting	Towers are part of the urban landscape of the city. Score: 2	13 out of 72 towers survived and mark the city landscape, witnessing their history. Score: 3	The hilltop location of towers was strategic to control valleys and neighbors and to address the urban development. Score: 2	Towers were strategically located next to the main squares and roads to enhance public and private power. Score: 3

Use and function	Score: 0	The ground floor hosted the shop, and the basement was a storage. The upper levels have been modified overtime and their use is still uncertain. Score: 1	Score: 0	The ground floor still hosts retail activities, and a few towers are open for cultural visits. Score: 2

Spirit and feeling	Towers and coat of arms on facades express power and wealth of ancient families. Score: 1	Towers are the symbol of the city and represent a time of struggle for private power. Score: 3	Towers witness the ability of craftsmen in building high-rise constructions in local style. Score: 1	Towers symbolize the power of the past and the greatness of the city during traditional festivals. Score: 3

Dimension
Aspects	Artistic	Historic	Scientific	Social
Form and design	Towers present local Romanesque-Gothic architecture, with arches, cornices, merlons and coats of arms. Score: 2	Towers derive from medieval fortifications, developing in height due to the rapid urbanization of the city center. Score: 3	Towers illustrate the construction abilities and the recycling attitude of the medieval period. Score: 3	A tower’s height reflected the prestige and importance of the merchant family that it belonged to and in fact, families competed to have the tallest tower. Score: 3

Material and substance	The original medieval stone masonry is visible in the massive structure of the towers. Score: 1	Some elements derived from the reuse of existing buildings, as common in medieval practice. Score: 3	High quality of stone masonry towers. Arches, vaults, and narrow windows are typical elements. Score: 3	Score: 0

Tradition, technique and workmanship	Specific expression of the ability of artisans to carve stones for these constructions. Score: 1	Ability of medieval artisans to reuse materials to raise high towers. Score: 3	Towers help to study traditional construction techniques. Score: 3	Score: 0

Location and setting	Towers are part of the urban landscape of the city. Score: 2	13 out of 72 towers survived and mark the city landscape, witnessing their history. Score: 3	The hilltop location of towers was strategic to control valleys and neighbors and to address the urban development. Score: 2	Towers were strategically located next to the main squares and roads to enhance public and private power. Score: 3

Use and function	Score: 0	The ground floor hosted the shop, and the basement was a storage. The upper levels have been modified overtime and their use is still uncertain. Score: 1	Score: 0	The ground floor still hosts retail activities, and a few towers are open for cultural visits. Score: 2

Spirit and feeling	Towers and coat of arms on facades express power and wealth of ancient families. Score: 1	Towers are the symbol of the city and represent a time of struggle for private power. Score: 3	Towers witness the ability of craftsmen in building high-rise constructions in local style. Score: 1	Towers symbolize the power of the past and the greatness of the city during traditional festivals. Score: 3