Summary statistics of the variables employed in the analysis
| Egypt | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logarithm of value added | 14.635 | 2.237 | 3.912 | 23.927 |
| Labour productivity | 11.3629 | 1.553 | 1.609 | 19.847 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 2.6933 | 1.763 | −3.3539 | 12.681 |
| BICI index | −3.67e-10 | 0.8988 | −1.508 | 2.543 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.623 | 1.455 | 0 | 9.9522 |
| Young firm | 0.1367 | 0.3436 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1607 | 0.3673 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 18.489 | 12.041 | 1 | 61 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2307 | 0.4213 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.1797 | 0.3840 | 0 | 1 |
| Jordan | ||||
| Logarithm of value added | 12.717 | 2.414 | 2.0794 | 19.942 |
| Labour productivity | 9.5536 | 2.404 | −1.727 | 16.060 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 1.4768 | 1.467 | −7.698 | 10.013 |
| BICI index | −3.45e-10 | 0.9029 | −1.471 | 2.544 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.482 | 1.474 | 0.6931 | 9.047 |
| Young firm | 0.2286 | 0.4201 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.0902 | 0.2866 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 17.381 | 11.011 | 1 | 60 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.1938 | 0.3955 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.4823 | 0.4999 | 0 | 1 |
| Iraq | ||||
| Logarithm of value added | 19.094 | 1.157 | 15.123 | 23.102 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 17.112 | 1.047 | 13.163 | 20.654 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 0.0513 | 0.6817 | −2.0481 | 2.771 |
| BICI index | −4.72e-10 | 0.9412 | −1.928 | 2.035 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 2.305 | 0.7515 | 0 | 5.459 |
| Young firm | 0.2204 | 0.4148 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.0689 | 0.2535 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 12.308 | 8.065 | 1 | 60 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.0241 | 0.1537 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.0621 | 0.2416 | 0 | 1 |
| Morocco | ||||
| Logarithm of value added | 15.969 | 2.001 | 8.464 | 22.762 |
| Labour productivity | 12.739 | 1.594 | 6.897 | 19.336 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 5.573 | 1.367 | 1.761 | 14.570 |
| BICI index | 4.06e-10 | 0.9304 | −1.445 | 1.928 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.884 | 1.334 | 0 | 8.724 |
| Young firm | 0.0816 | 0.2739 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1292 | 0.3356 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 21.957 | 11.277 | 1 | 64 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2063 | 0.4048 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.4052 | 0.4911 | 0 | 1 |
| Tunisia | ||||
| Logarithm of value added | 14.257 | 1.676 | 8.294 | 19.920 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 10.736 | 1.445 | 7.340 | 14.976 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 4.086 | 1.273 | 0.687 | 10.166 |
| BICI index | −1.34e-09 | 0.8914 | −1.170 | 3.057 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.5692 | 1.380 | 0 | 7.766 |
| Young firm | 0.0813 | 0.2736 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.3675 | 0.4826 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 25.611 | 11.499 | 1 | 61 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2432 | 0.4294 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.8817 | 0.3231 | 0 | 1 |
| Egypt | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logarithm of value added | 14.635 | 2.237 | 3.912 | 23.927 |
| Labour productivity | 11.3629 | 1.553 | 1.609 | 19.847 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 2.6933 | 1.763 | −3.3539 | 12.681 |
| BICI index | −3.67e-10 | 0.8988 | −1.508 | 2.543 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.623 | 1.455 | 0 | 9.9522 |
| Young firm | 0.1367 | 0.3436 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1607 | 0.3673 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 18.489 | 12.041 | 1 | 61 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2307 | 0.4213 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.1797 | 0.3840 | 0 | 1 |
| Logarithm of value added | 12.717 | 2.414 | 2.0794 | 19.942 |
| Labour productivity | 9.5536 | 2.404 | −1.727 | 16.060 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 1.4768 | 1.467 | −7.698 | 10.013 |
| BICI index | −3.45e-10 | 0.9029 | −1.471 | 2.544 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.482 | 1.474 | 0.6931 | 9.047 |
| Young firm | 0.2286 | 0.4201 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.0902 | 0.2866 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 17.381 | 11.011 | 1 | 60 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.1938 | 0.3955 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.4823 | 0.4999 | 0 | 1 |
| Logarithm of value added | 19.094 | 1.157 | 15.123 | 23.102 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 17.112 | 1.047 | 13.163 | 20.654 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 0.0513 | 0.6817 | −2.0481 | 2.771 |
| BICI index | −4.72e-10 | 0.9412 | −1.928 | 2.035 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 2.305 | 0.7515 | 0 | 5.459 |
| Young firm | 0.2204 | 0.4148 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.0689 | 0.2535 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 12.308 | 8.065 | 1 | 60 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.0241 | 0.1537 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.0621 | 0.2416 | 0 | 1 |
| Logarithm of value added | 15.969 | 2.001 | 8.464 | 22.762 |
| Labour productivity | 12.739 | 1.594 | 6.897 | 19.336 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 5.573 | 1.367 | 1.761 | 14.570 |
| BICI index | 4.06e-10 | 0.9304 | −1.445 | 1.928 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.884 | 1.334 | 0 | 8.724 |
| Young firm | 0.0816 | 0.2739 | 0 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1292 | 0.3356 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 21.957 | 11.277 | 1 | 64 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2063 | 0.4048 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.4052 | 0.4911 | 0 | 1 |
| Logarithm of value added | 14.257 | 1.676 | 8.294 | 19.920 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 10.736 | 1.445 | 7.340 | 14.976 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 4.086 | 1.273 | 0.687 | 10.166 |
| BICI index | −1.34e-09 | 0.8914 | −1.170 | 3.057 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.5692 | 1.380 | 0 | 7.766 |
| Young firm | 0.0813 | 0.2736 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.3675 | 0.4826 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 25.611 | 11.499 | 1 | 61 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.2432 | 0.4294 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.8817 | 0.3231 | 0 | 1 |
| Turkey | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logarithm of value added | 12.168 | 4.828 | 0 | 23.025 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 7.737 | 4.8696 | −2.944 | 14.853 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 5.272 | 1.654 | −4.558 | 14.479 |
| BICI index | −1.56e-09 | 0.9378 | −1.354 | 2.664 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.6130 | 1.447 | 0 | 9.944 |
| Young firm | 0.1133 | 0.3170 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.3188 | 0.4660 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 23.125 | 11.976 | 1 | 55 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.4623 | 0.4969 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.1506 | 0.3244 | 0 | 1 |
| Yemen | ||||
| Logarithm of value added | 16.952 | 2.774 | 2.197 | 26.871 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 14.519 | 1.926 | 7.4437 | 23.346 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 4.8257 | 1.942 | −0.4352 | 10.416 |
| BICI index | 1.53e-09 | 0.8880 | −2.383 | 1.953 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 2.816 | 1.298 | 0.6931 | 8.517 |
| Young firm | 0.0718 | 0.2584 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1092 | 0.3121 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 19.193 | 9.810 | 1 | 63 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.1440 | 0.3513 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.3963 | 0.4894 | 0 | 1 |
| Turkey | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logarithm of value added | 12.168 | 4.828 | 0 | 23.025 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 7.737 | 4.8696 | −2.944 | 14.853 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 5.272 | 1.654 | −4.558 | 14.479 |
| BICI index | −1.56e-09 | 0.9378 | −1.354 | 2.664 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 3.6130 | 1.447 | 0 | 9.944 |
| Young firm | 0.1133 | 0.3170 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.3188 | 0.4660 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 23.125 | 11.976 | 1 | 55 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.4623 | 0.4969 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.1506 | 0.3244 | 0 | 1 |
| Logarithm of value added | 16.952 | 2.774 | 2.197 | 26.871 |
| Logarithm of labour productivity | 14.519 | 1.926 | 7.4437 | 23.346 |
| Logarithm of TFP | 4.8257 | 1.942 | −0.4352 | 10.416 |
| BICI index | 1.53e-09 | 0.8880 | −2.383 | 1.953 |
| Logarithm of firm size | 2.816 | 1.298 | 0.6931 | 8.517 |
| Young firm | 0.0718 | 0.2584 | 1 | 1 |
| Is one of the owners female? | 0.1092 | 0.3121 | 0 | 1 |
| Manager's years of experience | 19.193 | 9.810 | 1 | 63 |
| International quality assurance qualification | 0.1440 | 0.3513 | 0 | 1 |
| Is the firm part of another establishment? | 0.3963 | 0.4894 | 0 | 1 |
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