Items, Italian translation and reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s coefficient α)
| Items, reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α) | α if the item is deleted |
|---|---|
| Innovativeness (No. of items =3); α=0.68 | |
| 1 – emphasis on the marketing of products and services or R&D | 0.729 |
| Enfasi nella commercializzazione di prodotti e servizi o nella ricerca e sviluppo | |
| 2 – number of new lines of products or services marketed | 0.535 |
| Numero di nuovi prodotti e servizi offerti | |
| 3 – the impact of changes in product and services | 0.483 |
| Cambiamenti nei prodotti e servizi esistenti | |
| Proactiveness (No. of items =3); α=0.58 | |
| 4 – reactive or proactive compared to competitors | 0.396 |
| Atteggiamento reattivo/proattivo nei confronti dei concorrenti | |
| 5 – reactive or proactive at introducing new products | 0.253 |
| Atteggiamento reattivo/proattivo nell’introdurre nuovi prodotti e servizi | |
| 6 – competitor attitude | 0.693 |
| Confronto con i concorrenti | |
| Risk-taking (No. of items =3); α=0.79 | |
| 7 – favorability of low-risk or high-risk projects | 0.708 |
| Propensione all’intraprendere progetti a basso/alto rischio | |
| 8 – environment exploitation | 0.736 |
| Sfruttamento delle opportunità (nel contesto esterno) | |
| 9 – reaction to decision-making situations involving uncertainty | 0.702 |
| Reazione alle decisioni da prendere in situazioni altamente aleatorie | |
| Competitiveness (No. of items =3); α=0.64 | |
| 10 – attitude to monitor the actions of the competitors | 0.427 |
| Attitudine al monitorare le azioni dei concorrenti | |
| 11 – competitor’s strategies | 0.349 |
| Reattività alle strategie dei concorrenti | |
| 12 – conventional or unconventional methods of competing | 0.784 |
| Metodi di concorrenza (convenzionali o non) | |
| Autonomy (No. of items =3); α=0.89 | |
| 13 – discourages or encourages the employees to act independently | 0.848 |
| Inc-scoraggiare le risorse umane (subordinati) ad agire autonomamente | |
| 14 – discourages or encourages the employees to make key strategic decisions | 0.84 |
| Inc-scoraggiare le risorse umane (subordinati) a prendere decisioni rilevanti | |
| 15 – discourages or encourages the employees to implement key programs | 0.843 |
| Inc-scoraggiare le risorse umane (subordinati) ad implementare importanti | |
| Items, reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s | |
|---|---|
| 1 – emphasis on the marketing of products and services or R&D | 0.729 |
| 2 – number of new lines of products or services marketed | 0.535 |
| 3 – the impact of changes in product and services | 0.483 |
| 4 – reactive or proactive compared to competitors | 0.396 |
| 5 – reactive or proactive at introducing new products | 0.253 |
| 6 – competitor attitude | 0.693 |
| 7 – favorability of low-risk or high-risk projects | 0.708 |
| 8 – environment exploitation | 0.736 |
| 9 – reaction to decision-making situations involving uncertainty | 0.702 |
| 10 – attitude to monitor the actions of the competitors | 0.427 |
| 11 – competitor’s strategies | 0.349 |
| 12 – conventional or unconventional methods of competing | 0.784 |
| 13 – discourages or encourages the employees to act independently | 0.848 |
| 14 – discourages or encourages the employees to make key strategic decisions | 0.84 |
| 15 – discourages or encourages the employees to implement key programs | 0.843 |
Note: All items were scored from 1 to 7
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