Table 3. List of variables Variables... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

List of variables

Variables	Description	Source
VOT_ij	The volume of bilateral trade	Comtrade, UN
GDP_i	The gross domestic product of export countries	WDI, World Bank
GDP_j	The gross domestic product of import countries	WDI, World Bank
DIST_ij	The sum of maritime and inland routes between the ports of country i’s and country j’s is measured the transport distance
RPPP_ij	The ratio of real exchange rate between country i and country j	WDI, World Bank
LSCI_i	The country i′s liner shipping connectivity index	UNCTAD
LPI_i	The country i′s logistics performance index	WDI, World Bank
TEU_i	The country i′s TEU of container handled	UNCTAD
EU	Regional integration dummy. EU equals to 1 if the country is EU
NAFTA	Regional integration dummy. NAFTA equals to 1 if the country is Canada, Mexico and the USA
RCEP	Regional integration dummy variable. RCEP equals to 1 if country is ASEAN, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, China and Australia
EA_core	Core trading bloc dummy variable in East Asia. EA_core equals to 1 if the country belongs to the core of trading blocs in RCEP and Taiwan. See Figure 1(a) and (b).
ComLng_ij	Dummy variable. ComLng_ij equals to 1 if countries i and j have a common language
Border_ij	Dummy variable. Border_ij equals to 1 if countries i and j have a common land border

Variables	Description	Source
VOT_ij	The volume of bilateral trade	Comtrade, UN
GDP_i	The gross domestic product of export countries	WDI, World Bank
GDP_j	The gross domestic product of import countries	WDI, World Bank
DIST_ij	The sum of maritime and inland routes between the ports of country i’s and country j’s is measured the transport distance
RPPP_ij	The ratio of real exchange rate between country i and country j	WDI, World Bank
LSCI_i	The country i′s liner shipping connectivity index	UNCTAD
LPI_i	The country i′s logistics performance index	WDI, World Bank
TEU_i	The country i′s TEU of container handled	UNCTAD
EU	Regional integration dummy. EU equals to 1 if the country is EU
NAFTA	Regional integration dummy. NAFTA equals to 1 if the country is Canada, Mexico and the USA
RCEP	Regional integration dummy variable. RCEP equals to 1 if country is ASEAN, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, China and Australia
EA_core	Core trading bloc dummy variable in East Asia. EA_core equals to 1 if the country belongs to the core of trading blocs in RCEP and Taiwan. See Figure 1(a) and (b).
ComLng_ij	Dummy variable. ComLng_ij equals to 1 if countries i and j have a common language
Border_ij	Dummy variable. Border_ij equals to 1 if countries i and j have a common land border