Table 2 Full overview of identified...

Table 2

Full overview of identified tools which facilitate the process of biomimetics

	Name	Year	Description	References
1	The seven steps of Bionik (Die sieben Denkschritte der Bionik)32	1987	Methodology, comparison of biological and technological function, constraints and performance criteria to compare solutions and to measure applicability	Zerbst32
2	16 patterns of nature33	1995	Classification of biological systems, general overview	Hoagland and Dodson33
3	Catalogue of biological principles (Katalog biologischer Konstruktionen)34	1998	Static list, biological principles for giving insight on biological construction	Hill34
4	Bioanalogous similarity matrix (Bioanaloge Ähnlichkeitsmatrix)35	2002	Methodology, comparison of biological and technological system to measure applicability	Küppers and Tributsch35
5	The ten fundamental principles of biological systems (Die zehn Grundprinzipien biologischer Systeme)36	2002	Static list of ten characteristics of biological systems for a deeper understanding of biology; enables to compare biology and technology and to transpose principles to technology	Nachtigall36
6	BidLab search tool – natural language analysis for biomimetic design37	2004	Computational tool based on WordNet for searching texts from the biology literature to identify biological analogies	Chiu and Shu37
7	Idea-Inspire38,39	2005	Software for browsing a database of biological and artificial systems for inspiration and problem-solving	Chakrabarti et al. 38,39
8	A systematic catalogue for biomimetic design (Systematischer Katalog für bionisches Gestalten)40	2005	Catalogue of biological systems for a deeper understanding of biological systems and the transfer to technology	Nachtigall and Wisser40
9	Bioniquity (Biology – Technology – Creativity)41	2005	42 abstracted principles of biological models which can be used for idea generation on the meta level	BMVIT41
10	Transfer checklist of biological association (Assoziationsliste)42,43	2006	Functional principles of technology which are mapped to selected examples from biology; serves for association	Gramann,42 Lindemann and Gramann43
11	BioTriz4	2006	Matrix for the resolution of conflicts derived from biological solutions, refers to the 40 inventive principles of the theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ)	Vincent et al. 4
12	Functional modelling44	2008	Method for modelling biological systems functionally, aims towards a function-based biomimetic design repository	Nagel et al. 44
13	Systematic reverse engineering of biological systems45	2007	Systematic method for reverse engineering of biological systems, assists designers in identifying biological models	Wilson and Rosen45
14	Natural language analysis46,47	2007	Method for generation and ranking of biologically meaningful keywords to bridge biology and engineering	Chiu and Shu46,47
15	Biologically meaningful keywords48,49	2008	Defining biologically meaningful keywords referring to the terms of the functional basis	Cheong et al. 48,49
16	Ontology for bioinspired design50	2008	Ontology for capturing, retrieving and reusing bioinspired design solutions based on associated physical architectures, behaviours, functions and strategies; aims towards internal repository	Yim et al. 50
17	AskNature19,20	2008	Publicly available database of biological information classified by functions	Deldin and Schuknecht19
18	Biomimicry Taxonomy19,51	2008	Static list organising biology by function and abstracted functional principles	Deldin and Schuknecht19
19	SAPPhIRE (State change–Action–Part–Phenomenon–Input–oRgan–Effect) model39,52	2005	Model used to represent biological or artificial systems	Chakrabarti et al.,39 Chakrabarti52
20	Categorisation of natural language keywords53	2010	Method for categorisation of keywords to improve effectivity of identifying biological phenomena	Ke et al. 53
21	Functional modelling – category and scale54	2010	Method for modelling biology	Nagel et al. 54
22	Engineering-to-biology thesaurus55	2010	Thesaurus correlating biological terms to engineering based on the functional basis lexicon	Nagel et al. 55
23	Nature-inspired design principles56	2010	Natural principles based on Biomimicry 3.8’s life’s principles and cradle-to-cradle principles	Delft University of Technology56
24	BiOPS28	2010	Thesaurus and dictionary for bridging technology to biology, for identification of biological models; link to patent database	Fraunhofer IAO28
25	DANE (Design by Analogy to Nature Engine)57,58	2010	Computational tool, database of biological Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) models	Vattam et al.,57 Design Intelligence Lab58
26	Automatically populating the Biomimicry Taxonomy for scalable systematic biologically inspired design59	2012	Method for supporting structuring and selection of biological designs and classifying biological analogies into the Biomimicry Taxonomy	Vandevenne et al. 59
27	Automatic extraction of causally related functions from natural-language text for biomimetic design60	2012	Tool for identifying relevant linguistic patterns in biological text	Cheong and Shu60
28	A computational approach to biologically inspired design8,61	2012	Algorithm for biologically inspired concept generation	Nagel and Stone,8 Design Engineering Lab62
29	Life’s principles11,63	2008	26 fundamental principles of biology, refers to sustainability	Baumeister et al.,11 Benyus63
30	Biologue64,65	2013	Interactive online information system for collaborative semantic annotation of biology articles, leading to internal repository; search engine for semantically annotated biology articles	Vattam and Goel,64 Design & Intelligence Laboratory65
31	Ontology of biomimetics66	2014	Ontology of biological functions, refers to the 40 innovative principles of TRIZ	Vincent66
32	bionicinspiration.org67	2014	Website offering bionic categories and case studies	bionicinspiration.org67
33	Ontology Explorer68,69	2014	Web tool for identification of biological models and exploring biomimetics database	Kozaki et al.,68 Kozaki69
34	Unified ontology for causal-function modeling in biologically inspired design (UNO-BID)70	2014	Process description, including biomimetic tools	Rosa et al. 70
35	Four-Box method9	2014	Problem formulation and analogy evaluation; describes function, operational environment, specifications and performance criteria of systems	Helms and Goel9
36	T-chart9	2014	Analogy evaluation, comparison of biological and technological systems	Helms and Goel9
37	Bioscrabble71	2014	Software supporting search term-based extraction of biological analogies out of large text sources, supports managing results	Kaiser et al. 71
38	BioP-C: the Biology Phenomenon Categorizer72	2014	Computation game; collects computable knowledge about biological phenomena and assesses their quality; benchmarks are AskNature, Dane, Idea-Inspire and natural-language search tools	Arlitt et al. 72
39	Biotransferability framework73	2014	Combination of stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis with criteria from biologically-inspired design (BID) to evaluate the utility of biological analogies and the biology-to-engineering risk	Williams et al. 73
40	Structure–Function Patterns74	2014	Table of biological structure–function patterns, provides keywords for searching biological databases, helps to abstract biological texts, for identifying biological models, useful for idea generation	Helfman Cohen et al. 74
41	Design Study Library75	2015	Web tool, searches case studies of a digital library, supports analogical learning	Goel et al. 75
42	Nature-inspired solutions76,77	2015	Design principles and methodology, biological principles for sustainable innovation	Karim Network76
43	Resilient Design cards78	2015	Based on design principles found in nature, methodology for sustainable innovation	ResilieNtWeb78

	Name	Year	Description	References
1	The seven steps of Bionik (Die sieben Denkschritte der Bionik)32	1987	Methodology, comparison of biological and technological function, constraints and performance criteria to compare solutions and to measure applicability	Zerbst32
2	16 patterns of nature33	1995	Classification of biological systems, general overview	Hoagland and Dodson33
3	Catalogue of biological principles (Katalog biologischer Konstruktionen)34	1998	Static list, biological principles for giving insight on biological construction	Hill34
4	Bioanalogous similarity matrix (Bioanaloge Ähnlichkeitsmatrix)35	2002	Methodology, comparison of biological and technological system to measure applicability	Küppers and Tributsch35
5	The ten fundamental principles of biological systems (Die zehn Grundprinzipien biologischer Systeme)36	2002	Static list of ten characteristics of biological systems for a deeper understanding of biology; enables to compare biology and technology and to transpose principles to technology	Nachtigall36
6	BidLab search tool – natural language analysis for biomimetic design37	2004	Computational tool based on WordNet for searching texts from the biology literature to identify biological analogies	Chiu and Shu37
7	Idea-Inspire38,39	2005	Software for browsing a database of biological and artificial systems for inspiration and problem-solving	Chakrabarti et al. 38,39
8	A systematic catalogue for biomimetic design (Systematischer Katalog für bionisches Gestalten)40	2005	Catalogue of biological systems for a deeper understanding of biological systems and the transfer to technology	Nachtigall and Wisser40
9	Bioniquity (Biology – Technology – Creativity)41	2005	42 abstracted principles of biological models which can be used for idea generation on the meta level	BMVIT41
10	Transfer checklist of biological association (Assoziationsliste)42,43	2006	Functional principles of technology which are mapped to selected examples from biology; serves for association	Gramann,42 Lindemann and Gramann43
11	BioTriz4	2006	Matrix for the resolution of conflicts derived from biological solutions, refers to the 40 inventive principles of the theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ)	Vincent et al. 4
12	Functional modelling44	2008	Method for modelling biological systems functionally, aims towards a function-based biomimetic design repository	Nagel et al. 44
13	Systematic reverse engineering of biological systems45	2007	Systematic method for reverse engineering of biological systems, assists designers in identifying biological models	Wilson and Rosen45
14	Natural language analysis46,47	2007	Method for generation and ranking of biologically meaningful keywords to bridge biology and engineering	Chiu and Shu46,47
15	Biologically meaningful keywords48,49	2008	Defining biologically meaningful keywords referring to the terms of the functional basis	Cheong et al. 48,49
16	Ontology for bioinspired design50	2008	Ontology for capturing, retrieving and reusing bioinspired design solutions based on associated physical architectures, behaviours, functions and strategies; aims towards internal repository	Yim et al. 50
17	AskNature19,20	2008	Publicly available database of biological information classified by functions	Deldin and Schuknecht19
18	Biomimicry Taxonomy19,51	2008	Static list organising biology by function and abstracted functional principles	Deldin and Schuknecht19
19	SAPPhIRE (State change–Action–Part–Phenomenon–Input–oRgan–Effect) model39,52	2005	Model used to represent biological or artificial systems	Chakrabarti et al.,39 Chakrabarti52
20	Categorisation of natural language keywords53	2010	Method for categorisation of keywords to improve effectivity of identifying biological phenomena	Ke et al. 53
21	Functional modelling – category and scale54	2010	Method for modelling biology	Nagel et al. 54
22	Engineering-to-biology thesaurus55	2010	Thesaurus correlating biological terms to engineering based on the functional basis lexicon	Nagel et al. 55
23	Nature-inspired design principles56	2010	Natural principles based on Biomimicry 3.8’s life’s principles and cradle-to-cradle principles	Delft University of Technology56
24	BiOPS28	2010	Thesaurus and dictionary for bridging technology to biology, for identification of biological models; link to patent database	Fraunhofer IAO28
25	DANE (Design by Analogy to Nature Engine)57,58	2010	Computational tool, database of biological Structure-Behavior-Function (SBF) models	Vattam et al.,57 Design Intelligence Lab58
26	Automatically populating the Biomimicry Taxonomy for scalable systematic biologically inspired design59	2012	Method for supporting structuring and selection of biological designs and classifying biological analogies into the Biomimicry Taxonomy	Vandevenne et al. 59
27	Automatic extraction of causally related functions from natural-language text for biomimetic design60	2012	Tool for identifying relevant linguistic patterns in biological text	Cheong and Shu60
28	A computational approach to biologically inspired design8,61	2012	Algorithm for biologically inspired concept generation	Nagel and Stone,8 Design Engineering Lab62
29	Life’s principles11,63	2008	26 fundamental principles of biology, refers to sustainability	Baumeister et al.,11 Benyus63
30	Biologue64,65	2013	Interactive online information system for collaborative semantic annotation of biology articles, leading to internal repository; search engine for semantically annotated biology articles	Vattam and Goel,64 Design & Intelligence Laboratory65
31	Ontology of biomimetics66	2014	Ontology of biological functions, refers to the 40 innovative principles of TRIZ	Vincent66
32	bionicinspiration.org67	2014	Website offering bionic categories and case studies	bionicinspiration.org67
33	Ontology Explorer68,69	2014	Web tool for identification of biological models and exploring biomimetics database	Kozaki et al.,68 Kozaki69
34	Unified ontology for causal-function modeling in biologically inspired design (UNO-BID)70	2014	Process description, including biomimetic tools	Rosa et al. 70
35	Four-Box method9	2014	Problem formulation and analogy evaluation; describes function, operational environment, specifications and performance criteria of systems	Helms and Goel9
36	T-chart9	2014	Analogy evaluation, comparison of biological and technological systems	Helms and Goel9
37	Bioscrabble71	2014	Software supporting search term-based extraction of biological analogies out of large text sources, supports managing results	Kaiser et al. 71
38	BioP-C: the Biology Phenomenon Categorizer72	2014	Computation game; collects computable knowledge about biological phenomena and assesses their quality; benchmarks are AskNature, Dane, Idea-Inspire and natural-language search tools	Arlitt et al. 72
39	Biotransferability framework73	2014	Combination of stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis with criteria from biologically-inspired design (BID) to evaluate the utility of biological analogies and the biology-to-engineering risk	Williams et al. 73
40	Structure–Function Patterns74	2014	Table of biological structure–function patterns, provides keywords for searching biological databases, helps to abstract biological texts, for identifying biological models, useful for idea generation	Helfman Cohen et al. 74
41	Design Study Library75	2015	Web tool, searches case studies of a digital library, supports analogical learning	Goel et al. 75
42	Nature-inspired solutions76,77	2015	Design principles and methodology, biological principles for sustainable innovation	Karim Network76
43	Resilient Design cards78	2015	Based on design principles found in nature, methodology for sustainable innovation	ResilieNtWeb78

[ViewLarge]