Table III Efficacy estimates among risk...

Table III

Efficacy estimates among risk groups

	Time 1 Means (SD)	Time 1 Cohen’s d	Time 2 Means (SD)	Time 2 Cohen’s d	Time 3 Means (SD)	Time 3 Cohen’s d
Lifetime alcohol use
High-risk controls	24.2 (17.2)	0.12	24.4 (15.8)	0.12	21.5 (17.4)	0.08
High-risk All Stars	23.5 (16.3)		21.4 (15.5)		16.5 (17.1)
Low-risk controls	3.8 (7.6)	0.04	9.8 (12.7)	0.19	7.0 (11.9)	0.29
Low-risk All Stars	3.0 (6.3)		8.4 (11.9)		6.1 (11.0)
Lifetime problem alcohol use
High-risk controls	13.4 (18.0)	0.15	11.8 (16.4)	−0.15	9.0 (14.7)	−0.06
High-risk All Stars	12.7 (15.9)		12.0 (15.8)		11.9 (16.7)
Low-risk controls	3.9 (9.1)	0.04	5.1 (11.1)	0.01	4.7 (9.9)	0.18
Low-risk All Stars	2.7 (6.8)		3.5 (8.8)		4.1 (9.7)
30-day alcohol use
High-risk controls	7.3 (6.4)	0.08	4.9 (5.3)	0.16	5.3 (5.6)	0.13
High-risk All Stars	6.2 (5.8)		3.7 (4.5)		2.7 (4.1)
Low-risk controls	0.5 (1.5)	0.18	1.6 (3.4)	0.24	1.6 (3.4)	0.54
Low-risk All Stars	0.4 (1.1)		1.1 (2.7)		1.2 (3.0)
30-day tobacco use
High-risk controls	11.1 (4.8)	0.11	8.8 (6.5)	0.06	7.2 (6.4)	0.06
High-risk All Stars	9.8 (4.5)		6.8 (6.4)		5.4 (5.8)
Low-risk controls	0.2 (0.9)	−0.28	1.2 (3.6)	0.31	1.4 (3.7)	0.30
Low-risk All Stars	0.3 (0.9)		1.0 (3.3)		1.2 (3.4)

	Time 1Means (SD)	Time 1Cohen’s d	Time 2Means (SD)	Time 2Cohen’s d	Time 3Means (SD)	Time 3Cohen’s d
Lifetime alcohol use
High-risk controls	24.2 (17.2)	0.12	24.4 (15.8)	0.12	21.5 (17.4)	0.08
High-risk All Stars	23.5 (16.3)		21.4 (15.5)		16.5 (17.1)
Low-risk controls	3.8 (7.6)	0.04	9.8 (12.7)	0.19	7.0 (11.9)	0.29
Low-risk All Stars	3.0 (6.3)		8.4 (11.9)		6.1 (11.0)
Lifetime problem alcohol use
High-risk controls	13.4 (18.0)	0.15	11.8 (16.4)	−0.15	9.0 (14.7)	−0.06
High-risk All Stars	12.7 (15.9)		12.0 (15.8)		11.9 (16.7)
Low-risk controls	3.9 (9.1)	0.04	5.1 (11.1)	0.01	4.7 (9.9)	0.18
Low-risk All Stars	2.7 (6.8)		3.5 (8.8)		4.1 (9.7)
30-day alcohol use
High-risk controls	7.3 (6.4)	0.08	4.9 (5.3)	0.16	5.3 (5.6)	0.13
High-risk All Stars	6.2 (5.8)		3.7 (4.5)		2.7 (4.1)
Low-risk controls	0.5 (1.5)	0.18	1.6 (3.4)	0.24	1.6 (3.4)	0.54
Low-risk All Stars	0.4 (1.1)		1.1 (2.7)		1.2 (3.0)
30-day tobacco use
High-risk controls	11.1 (4.8)	0.11	8.8 (6.5)	0.06	7.2 (6.4)	0.06
High-risk All Stars	9.8 (4.5)		6.8 (6.4)		5.4 (5.8)
Low-risk controls	0.2 (0.9)	−0.28	1.2 (3.6)	0.31	1.4 (3.7)	0.30
Low-risk All Stars	0.3 (0.9)		1.0 (3.3)		1.2 (3.4)

Notes: For comparison between two means, Cohen’s (1988) d equals the number of standard deviations by which they are separated. For interpretive purposes, Cohen described d=0.2 as small, d=0.5 as medium and d=0.8 or greater as large. Tabulated results statistically control for age, gender and race

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