Table V. DHs Managers’ perception about... | Emerald Publishing

Table V.

DHs Managers’ perception about the practices of open innovation, public policies to encourage and enable future in microelectronics in Brazil

Categories of analysis	DHs managers’ perception
Collaboration between Brazilian DHs and its partners	All DHs participating on the survey implement partnerships with various external agents, among them suppliers, intermediaries, universities, development agencies and other DHs There are several objectives for these partnerships, including the development of new products, access to financial resources and qualified labor These results corroborate the findings by the research of Biazzi, (2012), Camboim (2015), Faccin & Balestrin (2015), Faccin et al. (2016a), and Oliveira & Balestrin (2015) about the Brazilian industry of semiconductors; and by studies carried out in other countries, as Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014), Rasiah et al. (2016), and Striukova & Rayna (2015). There is a consensus among the authors about the importance and benefits to the semiconductor industry by the development of partnerships between companies and other external agents
	To intermediate the collaboration with partners, formal agreements for collaboration between the DHs and its partners prevails, as they certify the contractual guarantees and legal security, as well as observed by Faccin & Balestrin (2015)
	About the possibility of establishing more partnerships between DHs and other companies to develop innovations, there was no consensus among the managers of the DHs interviewed Managers of DH-1 and DH-3 claim partnerships could strengthen the ecosystem of microelectronics in Brazil, in addition to being strategically desirable. The manager of DH-2 believes the existing partnerships are already significant Proving the favorable opinions to the development of new partnerships in the semiconductor industry, Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014) argue technological progress in the industry can be activated by a collaborative network, where different partners cooperate to develop innovations in the industry
Protection of IP	Regarding the process of registering patents in Brazil, and if this should happen only when innovation have commercial viability, one of the managers of the DHs recognized he has no opinion on the matter, while the other two agreed the process is time consuming and costly Authors such as Pénin et al. (2011), Sikimic et al. (2016) and Tidd et al. (2008) declares the rights over intellectual property and patents are key mechanisms to ensure small businesses can buy or sell technology, regarding it essential to open innovation Despite the benefits of IP licensing, authors such as Campanario et al. (2009) showed the Brazilian Government understands the importance of intellectual property protection in the semiconductor industry. To Brazilian DHs exploit this mechanism, the suggestion is to study ways to make the process of registering patents in Brazil more transparent and accessible
Government policies to support the industry	The managers of the DHs were unanimous about the concern of public policies continuity to support the semiconductor industry in Brazil. They stat they are important for the continuity and competitiveness of industry and must be thought in the long term Authors such as Breier et al. (2013) and ABISEMI (2018) also endorse the continuity of policies to the companies of the sector remain competitive in the market. The domestic production would be benefited, innovation and development would be promoted, and the generation of jobs would be ensured
	About the Programa CI-Brasil, the managers of DHs believe it brings several benefits for the microelectronics industry. However, there is also a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long term As well as the managers of the DHs, Breier et al. (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015) affirm that in the semiconductor industry, investments in R&D should be continuous to ensure the success of these actions
	There is no consensus for managers of DHs on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by means of developing agencies Only the manager of DH-1 believes they are appropriate. For the managers of DHs 2 and 3, investments are not enough and need to be adjusted considering the resources needed to develop projects in microelectronics As observed in other countries (Wu et al., 2015, 2019), authors such as Faccin et al. (2016b), Lima et al. (2015) and the ABISEMI (2018) reaffirm the importance of Brazilian Government actions in the semiconductor industry, as the industry depends on incentives and requires support policies designed in the long term
Future of microelectronics in Brazil	On the future of microelectronics in Brazil, the interviewee of DH-3 did not opine on the subject. The managers of the DHs 1 and 2 consider the industry is still at the beginning of the walk to become technologically independent, and strategies focused on the foreign market and the exploitation of new aspects should be adopted, for the development of industry Managers suggest improvements on the payment of professionals of the industry, improvement of incentive policies, investments provided by the government, and exploitation of new market opportunities, both in the industry and in the DHs In accordance with the interviewees, ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a) believe in the amplitude of new possibilities in the semiconductor sector in Brazil, as it represents a relevant market for the electronic complex and presents business opportunities, nationally and in Latin America

Categories of analysis	DHs managers’ perception
Collaboration between Brazilian DHs and its partners	All DHs participating on the survey implement partnerships with various external agents, among them suppliers, intermediaries, universities, development agencies and other DHsThere are several objectives for these partnerships, including the development of new products, access to financial resources and qualified laborThese results corroborate the findings by the research of Biazzi, (2012), Camboim (2015), Faccin & Balestrin (2015), Faccin et al. (2016a), and Oliveira & Balestrin (2015) about the Brazilian industry of semiconductors; and by studies carried out in other countries, as Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014), Rasiah et al. (2016), and Striukova & Rayna (2015). There is a consensus among the authors about the importance and benefits to the semiconductor industry by the development of partnerships between companies and other external agents
	To intermediate the collaboration with partners, formal agreements for collaboration between the DHs and its partners prevails, as they certify the contractual guarantees and legal security, as well as observed by Faccin & Balestrin (2015)
	About the possibility of establishing more partnerships between DHs and other companies to develop innovations, there was no consensus among the managers of the DHs interviewed Managers of DH-1 and DH-3 claim partnerships could strengthen the ecosystem of microelectronics in Brazil, in addition to being strategically desirable. The manager of DH-2 believes the existing partnerships are already significantProving the favorable opinions to the development of new partnerships in the semiconductor industry, Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014) argue technological progress in the industry can be activated by a collaborative network, where different partners cooperate to develop innovations in the industry
Protection of IP	Regarding the process of registering patents in Brazil, and if this should happen only when innovation have commercial viability, one of the managers of the DHs recognized he has no opinion on the matter, while the other two agreed the process is time consuming and costlyAuthors such as Pénin et al. (2011), Sikimic et al. (2016) and Tidd et al. (2008) declares the rights over intellectual property and patents are key mechanisms to ensure small businesses can buy or sell technology, regarding it essential to open innovation Despite the benefits of IP licensing, authors such as Campanario et al. (2009) showed the Brazilian Government understands the importance of intellectual property protection in the semiconductor industry. To Brazilian DHs exploit this mechanism, the suggestion is to study ways to make the process of registering patents in Brazil more transparent and accessible
Government policies to support the industry	The managers of the DHs were unanimous about the concern of public policies continuity to support the semiconductor industry in Brazil. They stat they are important for the continuity and competitiveness of industry and must be thought in the long termAuthors such as Breier et al. (2013) and ABISEMI (2018) also endorse the continuity of policies to the companies of the sector remain competitive in the market. The domestic production would be benefited, innovation and development would be promoted, and the generation of jobs would be ensured
	About the Programa CI-Brasil, the managers of DHs believe it brings several benefits for the microelectronics industry. However, there is also a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long termAs well as the managers of the DHs, Breier et al. (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015) affirm that in the semiconductor industry, investments in R&D should be continuous to ensure the success of these actions
	There is no consensus for managers of DHs on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by means of developing agencies Only the manager of DH-1 believes they are appropriate. For the managers of DHs 2 and 3, investments are not enough and need to be adjusted considering the resources needed to develop projects in microelectronicsAs observed in other countries (Wu et al., 2015, 2019), authors such as Faccin et al. (2016b), Lima et al. (2015) and the ABISEMI (2018) reaffirm the importance of Brazilian Government actions in the semiconductor industry, as the industry depends on incentives and requires support policies designed in the long term
Future of microelectronics in Brazil	On the future of microelectronics in Brazil, the interviewee of DH-3 did not opine on the subject. The managers of the DHs 1 and 2 consider the industry is still at the beginning of the walk to become technologically independent, and strategies focused on the foreign market and the exploitation of new aspects should be adopted, for the development of industryManagers suggest improvements on the payment of professionals of the industry, improvement of incentive policies, investments provided by the government, and exploitation of new market opportunities, both in the industry and in the DHs In accordance with the interviewees, ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a) believe in the amplitude of new possibilities in the semiconductor sector in Brazil, as it represents a relevant market for the electronic complex and presents business opportunities, nationally and in Latin America

Source: Field study