Table VI. Perception of specialists on... | Emerald Publishing

Table VI.

Perception of specialists on the semiconductor industry and the practices of open innovation in brazilian DHs

Categories of analysis	Perception of specialists
Collaboration between Brazilian DHs and its partners	All the specialists interviewed agree DHs could develop more innovations using partnerships. The complement of the know-how of businesses and the development of projects with a projection of scale are among the benefits of the partnerships mentioned by them. However, there must be incentives for companies to collaborate with different partners The benefits of these partnerships for the semiconductor industry have already been presented by different authors, among them, Faccin & Balestrin (2015), Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014), and Sydow & Müller-Seitz (2019). According to them, the quick technological changes and the need for high investments in R&D to develop new products can be provisioned by the establishment of partnerships with different external agents
Protection of IP	The three specialists interviewed confessed to not having knowledge about the process of intellectual property protection or have no opinion on the matter However, the ignorance of the process is not a consequence of the lack of interest in the subject. According to them, the process of registering patents in Brazil is expensive and time consuming. Although it is important to be a guarantee as a business opportunity, the knowledge about this protection mechanism is still deficient Despite attempts by the Brazilian Government to promote the process of innovation in industry and ensure the rights on the IP by programs and public policies for the sector (for example, the Law no. 11,484/2007, establishing PADIS, and features on the protection of topographies of integrated circuits), the knowledge about this protection mechanism is still deficient. This highlights the need to simplify and make the registration process more accessible, for companies and for researchers, as it contributes to ensure the rights of exploitation of intellectual property (Jungmann & Bonetti, 2010; Pénin et al., 2011)
Government policies to support the industry	About the Programa CI-Brasil, the three specialists interviewed recognize it brings benefits for the microelectronics industry. However, there is a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long term, as pointed out by Breier et al., (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015) Only one of the interviewees stated the current model of the Programa CI-Brasil is not suitable, despite training qualified professionals, they do not meet the demand of the market. The studies of Faccin et al. (2016b) and Motta & Maia (2015) diverge. According to the authors, the trained or created professionals by the program had good acceptance in the market
Government policies to support the industry	The specialists also showed different points of view on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by developing agencies Two of the specialists interviewed believe the provision of these resources has been adequate and satisfactory for the development of innovation in the industry, despite pointing out problems in the payment received by the fellows and the bureaucracy for releasing the payment. In addition to the diversion of funds and the overpricing projects In contrast, other specialists do not agree the resources available are adequate to stimulate the development and competitiveness of the industry. Although they are appropriate for training the human resources in the field On the dependence and the importance of the government for the semiconductor industry in Brazil, authors such as Lima et al. (2015), Faccin et al. (2016b), the ABDI (2014) and ABISEMI (2018) reaffirmed the importance of the continuity and improvement of these policies for the development of industry in the country
Future of microelectronics in Brazil	Only one of the specialists interviewed sees a promising future for the microelectronics in Brazil. He says there is demand for solutions to regional problems, and opportunities in the development of microelectronic solutions and related fields, in agreement with the ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a) The other respondents believe the industry’s future is uncertain. The strong dependence of the government, the lack of connection between the needs of the market and the products developed by DHs, and the low wages are among the reasons for this uncertainty. They jeopardize the development of the sector To improve the industry, better payment of professionals, improvement of incentive and investments policies provided by the government, and a greater interaction with the local research groups are among the suggestions made by the specialists

Categories of analysis	Perception of specialists
Collaboration between Brazilian DHs and its partners	All the specialists interviewed agree DHs could develop more innovations using partnerships. The complement of the know-how of businesses and the development of projects with a projection of scale are among the benefits of the partnerships mentioned by them. However, there must be incentives for companies to collaborate with different partnersThe benefits of these partnerships for the semiconductor industry have already been presented by different authors, among them, Faccin & Balestrin (2015), Kapoor & Mcgrath (2014), and Sydow & Müller-Seitz (2019). According to them, the quick technological changes and the need for high investments in R&D to develop new products can be provisioned by the establishment of partnerships with different external agents
Protection of IP	The three specialists interviewed confessed to not having knowledge about the process of intellectual property protection or have no opinion on the matterHowever, the ignorance of the process is not a consequence of the lack of interest in the subject. According to them, the process of registering patents in Brazil is expensive and time consuming. Although it is important to be a guarantee as a business opportunity, the knowledge about this protection mechanism is still deficientDespite attempts by the Brazilian Government to promote the process of innovation in industry and ensure the rights on the IP by programs and public policies for the sector (for example, the Law no. 11,484/2007, establishing PADIS, and features on the protection of topographies of integrated circuits), the knowledge about this protection mechanism is still deficient. This highlights the need to simplify and make the registration process more accessible, for companies and for researchers, as it contributes to ensure the rights of exploitation of intellectual property (Jungmann & Bonetti, 2010; Pénin et al., 2011)
Government policies to support the industry	About the Programa CI-Brasil, the three specialists interviewed recognize it brings benefits for the microelectronics industry. However, there is a concern regarding the continuity of the program in the long term, as pointed out by Breier et al., (2013) and Motta & Maia (2015)Only one of the interviewees stated the current model of the Programa CI-Brasil is not suitable, despite training qualified professionals, they do not meet the demand of the market. The studies of Faccin et al. (2016b) and Motta & Maia (2015) diverge. According to the authors, the trained or created professionals by the program had good acceptance in the market
Government policies to support the industry	The specialists also showed different points of view on the availability and adequacy of financial resources for the industry by developing agenciesTwo of the specialists interviewed believe the provision of these resources has been adequate and satisfactory for the development of innovation in the industry, despite pointing out problems in the payment received by the fellows and the bureaucracy for releasing the payment. In addition to the diversion of funds and the overpricing projectsIn contrast, other specialists do not agree the resources available are adequate to stimulate the development and competitiveness of the industry. Although they are appropriate for training the human resources in the fieldOn the dependence and the importance of the government for the semiconductor industry in Brazil, authors such as Lima et al. (2015), Faccin et al. (2016b), the ABDI (2014) and ABISEMI (2018) reaffirmed the importance of the continuity and improvement of these policies for the development of industry in the country
Future of microelectronics in Brazil	Only one of the specialists interviewed sees a promising future for the microelectronics in Brazil. He says there is demand for solutions to regional problems, and opportunities in the development of microelectronic solutions and related fields, in agreement with the ABDI (2014) and the ABISEMI (2019a)The other respondents believe the industry’s future is uncertain. The strong dependence of the government, the lack of connection between the needs of the market and the products developed by DHs, and the low wages are among the reasons for this uncertainty. They jeopardize the development of the sectorTo improve the industry, better payment of professionals, improvement of incentive and investments policies provided by the government, and a greater interaction with the local research groups are among the suggestions made by the specialists

Source: Field study