Table 1.

Typical material properties

PropertiesValueUnit
Brick
 Mean dimensions214 × 102 × 65mm
 Density2226kg/m3
 Water absorption1·90%
 Initial water absorption0·03kg/(m2/min)
 Compressive strength176N/mm2
Mortar
 Compressive strength1·3N/mm2
 Density1470–1570kg/m3
Masonry
 Compressive strength25N/mm2
 Unit weight23·7kN/m3
Fill (crushed limestone)
 Cohesion, cL3·3kN/m2
 Internal angle of friction: ϕL54·5deg
 Unit weight20·0kN/m3
Fill (clay)
 Natural moisture content16%
 Liquid limit37%
 Plastic limit14%
 Dry density1·83Mg/m3
 Shear stress at failure68kN/m2
 Strain at failure16%
Fill (ballast)
 Unit weight16·4kN/m3

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