Descriptive statistics of all risk factors and performances (n = 200)
| Risk | Var. | M | SD | CV (%) | SK | KU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The factors of supply risks (SR) | ||||||
| 1. Rising costs of raw materials (fertilizer, pesticide, high-yield seeds and fuel) | R11 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 26.0 | (1.4) | 1.6 |
| 2. Rising costs of services (transportation, labor, interest rates or/and credit and other agricultural services) | R12 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 24.7 | (1.0) | 0.8 |
| 3. Lack of high yield seeds | R13 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 24.8 | (0.6) | 0.2 |
| 4. Lack of labor | R14 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 28.7 | (0.6) | 0.0 |
| 5. Lack of equipment and machinery | R15 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 26.3 | (0.6) | (0.1) |
| The factors of production risks (PR) | ||||||
| 6. Biological risks such as weeds (wild plants); pests (insects, rats, snails or birds); crop diseases (bacteria, viruses or fungi) | R21 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 22.3 | (0.9) | 0.8 |
| 7. Lack of financial capital | R22 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 21.8 | (0.7) | 0.1 |
| 8. Misuse of fertilizer or/and pesticide | R23 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 23.1 | (1.1) | 1.5 |
| 9. Lack of agricultural know-how | R24 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 19.0 | (0.8) | 1.0 |
| The factors of demand risks (DR) | ||||||
| 10. Low prices of rice products | R31 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 22.6 | (1.9) | 3.4 |
| 11. Lack of market information | R32 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 20.4 | (1.5) | 2.7 |
| 12. Uncertainty of market demand for quantity | R33 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 22.1 | (1.2) | 1.7 |
| 13. Uncertainty of market demand for quality or/and food safety requirements | R34 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 20.2 | (0.8) | 0.5 |
| The factors of environmental risks (ER) | ||||||
| 14. Natural disasters (flood and drought) | R41 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 21.3 | (0.7) | 0.1 |
| 15. Lack of irrigation systems | R42 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 19.7 | (1.1) | 1.5 |
| 16. Lack or poor condition of basic infrastructure (roads and electricity) | R43 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 23.3 | (0.6) | 0.2 |
| 17. Inadequate support from the government (lack of agricultural know-how training and/or lack of public extension services) | R44 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 21.9 | (0.8) | 0.3 |
| 18. Pandemic risks (COVID-19) | R45 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 23.5 | (1.1) | 0.9 |
| Performance (PERF) | ||||||
| Environmental performance (ENVI) | ||||||
| 1. The consumption rate of energy, which includes electricity and oil | P11 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 22.1 | (0.8) | 1.2 |
| 2. The consumption rate of natural resources, such as water and land | P12 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 19.7 | (0.8) | 1.9 |
| 3. The environmental pollutants (water, land and air) | P13 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 23.4 | (0.9) | 0.9 |
| Social performance (SOC) | ||||||
| 4. Food insecurity (the scale of accessibility to foods and eating patterns) | P21 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 22.8 | (0.5) | 0.3 |
| 5. Poverty | P22 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 22.4 | (0.9) | 0.8 |
| 6. Farmers' knowledge | P23 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 20.7 | (0.7) | 0.8 |
| Economic performance (ECON) | ||||||
| 7. Rice yield of farming household | P31 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 21.8 | (0.6) | 0.4 |
| 8. Rice quality (nutritional benefits, softness, aroma and physical appearance) | P32 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 21.4 | (0.6) | 0.7 |
| 9. Return on investment (ROI) (net profit divided by the costs of investment) | P33 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 22.0 | (0.7) | 0.5 |
| Risk | Var. | SD | CV (%) | SK | KU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Rising costs of raw materials (fertilizer, pesticide, high-yield seeds and fuel) | R11 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 26.0 | (1.4) | 1.6 |
| 2. Rising costs of services (transportation, labor, interest rates or/and credit and other agricultural services) | R12 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 24.7 | (1.0) | 0.8 |
| 3. Lack of high yield seeds | R13 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 24.8 | (0.6) | 0.2 |
| 4. Lack of labor | R14 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 28.7 | (0.6) | 0.0 |
| 5. Lack of equipment and machinery | R15 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 26.3 | (0.6) | (0.1) |
| 6. Biological risks such as weeds (wild plants); pests (insects, rats, snails or birds); crop diseases (bacteria, viruses or fungi) | R21 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 22.3 | (0.9) | 0.8 |
| 7. Lack of financial capital | R22 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 21.8 | (0.7) | 0.1 |
| 8. Misuse of fertilizer or/and pesticide | R23 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 23.1 | (1.1) | 1.5 |
| 9. Lack of agricultural know-how | R24 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 19.0 | (0.8) | 1.0 |
| 10. Low prices of rice products | R31 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 22.6 | (1.9) | 3.4 |
| 11. Lack of market information | R32 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 20.4 | (1.5) | 2.7 |
| 12. Uncertainty of market demand for quantity | R33 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 22.1 | (1.2) | 1.7 |
| 13. Uncertainty of market demand for quality or/and food safety requirements | R34 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 20.2 | (0.8) | 0.5 |
| 14. Natural disasters (flood and drought) | R41 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 21.3 | (0.7) | 0.1 |
| 15. Lack of irrigation systems | R42 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 19.7 | (1.1) | 1.5 |
| 16. Lack or poor condition of basic infrastructure (roads and electricity) | R43 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 23.3 | (0.6) | 0.2 |
| 17. Inadequate support from the government (lack of agricultural know-how training and/or lack of public extension services) | R44 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 21.9 | (0.8) | 0.3 |
| 18. Pandemic risks (COVID-19) | R45 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 23.5 | (1.1) | 0.9 |
| 1. The consumption rate of energy, which includes electricity and oil | P11 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 22.1 | (0.8) | 1.2 |
| 2. The consumption rate of natural resources, such as water and land | P12 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 19.7 | (0.8) | 1.9 |
| 3. The environmental pollutants (water, land and air) | P13 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 23.4 | (0.9) | 0.9 |
| 4. Food insecurity (the scale of accessibility to foods and eating patterns) | P21 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 22.8 | (0.5) | 0.3 |
| 5. Poverty | P22 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 22.4 | (0.9) | 0.8 |
| 6. Farmers' knowledge | P23 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 20.7 | (0.7) | 0.8 |
| 7. Rice yield of farming household | P31 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 21.8 | (0.6) | 0.4 |
| 8. Rice quality (nutritional benefits, softness, aroma and physical appearance) | P32 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 21.4 | (0.6) | 0.7 |
| 9. Return on investment (ROI) (net profit divided by the costs of investment) | P33 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 22.0 | (0.7) | 0.5 |
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