Table 2

Quality appraisal

Joanna Briggs Institute Check List for Qualitative Research: QuestionsPlugge et al. (2008) Bowen et al. (2009) Kenning et al. (2010) Marzano et al. (2011) Caulfield (2016) Ahmed et al. (2016) Jacobs and Giordano (2018) 
Is there congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology?UUUUUUU
Is there congruity between the research methodology and the research question or objectives?UYUYUUU
Is there congruity between the research methodology and the methods used to collect data?YYYYYYY
Is there congruity between the research methodology and the representation and analysis of data?YYYYYYY
Is there congruity between the research methodology and the interpretation of results?YYYYYYU
Is there a statement locating the researcher culturally or theoretically?NNNNNNU
Is the influence of the researcher on the research, and vice-versa, addressed?UUUNNUY
Are the participants, and their voices adequately represented?YYNYYUN
Is the research ethical according to current criteria or, for recent studies, and is there evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body?YYYYYYN
Do the conclusions drawn in the research report flow from the analysis, or interpretation, of the data?YYYYYYY

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