Table 1 As species concentration in raw...

Table 1

As species concentration in raw rice in Ho Chi Minh City (n = 60)

Source	Concentrations in μg/kg (mean ± SD)
Source	iAs	As(III)	As(V)	DMA	MMA	tAs^*
Super market (n = 30)	88.8 ± 6.7^a	77.0 ± 6.2^a	11.7 ± 4.5^b	43 ± 9.6^b	0 ± 0	131.8 ± 14.1^b
Traditional market (n = 30)	80.6 ± 5.6	72.8 ± 5.5	7.8 ± 1.3	38.5 ± 8	0.24 ± 1.3	119.3 ± 12.6
Total (n = 60)	84.7 ± 7.4	74.9 ± 6.2	9.8 ± 3.8	40.8 ± 9	0.12 ± 0.92	125.5 ± 14.7

Source	Concentrations in μg/kg (mean ± SD)
Source	iAs	As(III)	As(V)	DMA	MMA	tAs^*
Super market (n = 30)	88.8 ± 6.7^a	77.0 ± 6.2^a	11.7 ± 4.5^b	43 ± 9.6^b	0 ± 0	131.8 ± 14.1^b
Traditional market (n = 30)	80.6 ± 5.6	72.8 ± 5.5	7.8 ± 1.3	38.5 ± 8	0.24 ± 1.3	119.3 ± 12.6
Total (n = 60)	84.7 ± 7.4	74.9 ± 6.2	9.8 ± 3.8	40.8 ± 9	0.12 ± 0.92	125.5 ± 14.7

Note(s): a: significance difference in mean (p < 0.05) by t-test

b: significance difference in median (p < 0.05) by Mann–Whitney U test

*Calculated as the summation of As (III), As (V), DMA and MMA

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